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First Aid for the USMLE Step 2 CK (10th Ed.)/
Pediatric Musculoskeletal DisordersAce Your First Aid for the USMLE Step 2 CK (10th Ed.) Classes and Exams with Picmonic: #1 Visual Mnemonic Study Tool for Medicine (MD/DO) Students
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First Aid for the USMLE Step 2 CK (10th Ed.) | Medicine (MD/DO) School Study Aid
Muscular Dystrophy
- Mechanism
- X-linked Recessive
- Signs and Symptoms
- Muscle Weakness
- Motor Problems
- Gower Sign
- Large Calves
- Waddling Gait
- Loss of Ambulation
- Consideration
- Cardiac and Respiratory Failure
2 mins
Ewing's Sarcoma
- Epidemiology
- Most Common in Boys < 15 years old
- Pathophysiology
- 11;22 Translocation
- Characteristics
- Long bones, Pelvis, Ribs
- Diaphysis
- Small Blue Cells
- Malignant
- Aggressive
- Onion-skin Appearance
- TREATMENT
- Responsive to Chemotherapy
2 mins
Osteosarcoma
- Pathophysiology
- Osteogenic Sarcoma
- Peak incidence men 10-20 years old
- Metaphysis of Long Bones
- Knee Region
- Radiation
- Familial Retinoblastoma
- Paget's Disease
- Diagnosis
- Codman Triangle
- Sunburst Pattern from Elevated Periosteum
- Grave Prognosis
2 mins
Supracondylar Fracture Of Humerus
- Mechanism
- Fall On Outstretched Hand (FOOSH)
- More Common In Children
- Signs & Symptoms
- Elbow Pain & Swelling
- Diagnosis
- X-ray Shows Elbow Effusion
- Anterior Sail Sign
- Posterior Fat Pad Sign
- Treatment
- Non-displaced: Splint And Sling
- Displaced: Closed Reduction With Percutaneous Pin Placement
- Considerations
- Compartment Syndrome
- Volkmann Ischemic Contracture
- Brachial Artery Injury
- Median Nerve Palsy
- Cubitus Varus Deformity
3 mins
Types of Fractures
- Nondisplaced
- Displaced
- Incomplete
- Complete
- Closed
- Open
- Direction of Fracture Line
2 mins
Salter-Harris Fracture Classification
- SMACK
- Slipped Across Physis (Type 1)
- Metaphysis and Physis (Type 2)
- Articular-Epiphyseal (Type 3)
- Complete Metaphysis and Epiphysis (Type 4)
- Krushed Physis (Type 5)
2 mins
Nursemaid's Elbow (Radial Head Subluxation)
- Pathophysiology
- Radial Head Subluxation
- Inferiorly Under Annular Ligament
- Axial Traction on Forearm
- Pulled or Lifted by the Hand or Forearm
- Children Aged (1-4 Years Old)
- Signs & Symptoms
- Extended & Pronated Forearm
- Refusal to Bend Elbow
- Treatment
- Manual Reduction
- Hyperpronation of Forearm
- Gentle Supination of Elbow at 90 Degrees Flexion
- No Immobilization
3 mins
Osgood-Schlatter Disease (Tibial Tubercle Apophysitis)
- Pathophysiology
- Apophysitis of Tibial Tubercle
- Active, Young Boys
- Running and Jumping
- Overuse Injury
- Recent Growth Spurt
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnosis Made on History
- Anterior Knee Pain
- Enlarged Tibial Tubercle
- Edema
- Treatment
- Rest
- NSAIDs
- Activity Restriction
- Self-limiting
2 mins
Myotonic Dystrophy
- Pathophysiology
- Autosomal Dominant
- Trinucleotide Repeat
- CTG
- Signs and Symptoms
- Facial Muscle Weakness
- Frontal Balding
- Sustained Grip
- Conduction Defects
- Cataracts
- Selective Atrophy of Type 1 Fibers
- Testicular Atrophy
2 mins
Clubfoot
- Cause/Mechanism
- Multifactorial Congenital Anomalies
- Fetal Position
- Assessment
- Deformed Foot and Ankle Position
- Talipes Equinovarus
- Interventions
- Serial Casting
- Ponseti Method
- Early Surgery
2 mins
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
- Cause
- Abnormal Femoral Head in Acetabulum
- Newborn Assessment
- Positive Barlow Sign
- Clicking with Adduction
- Positive Ortolani Sign
- Clicking with Abduction
- Asymmetrical Limb Lengths and Folds (Gluteal and Thigh)
- Older Child Assessment
- Trendelenburg Sign
- Interventions
- Abduction Device
- Pavlik Harness
- Closed Reduction
3 mins
Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease
- Pathophysiology
- Idiopathic Avascular Necrosis of Femoral Head
- Boys 5-7 Years of Age
- Symptoms < 18 Months
- Signs & Symptoms
- Painless Limp
- Limited Range of Motion
- Intermittent Anterior Thigh Pain
- Insidious Pain in Knee
- Atrophy of Upper Thigh
- Diagnosis
- AP and Frog Leg Lateral X-ray
- Compression and Deformity of Femoral Head
- Treatment
- Bed Rest
- NSAIDs
- Containment with Brace or Cast
- Surgery
4 mins
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE)
- Pathophysiology
- Separation of Femoral Epiphysis from Femoral Neck
- Through Growth Plate (Physeal Plate)
- Obesity
- Male Adolescents
- African American
- Growth and Sex Hormone Imbalances
- Signs & Symptoms
- Thigh or Knee Pain
- Inability to Bear Weight
- Decreased Internal Rotation of Hip
- Obligate External Rotation of Hip with Flexion
- Diagnosis
- Frog Leg Lateral X-ray
- Treatment
- Surgical Pinning
- Complications
- Avascular Necrosis of Femoral Head
3 mins
Scoliosis
- Assessment
- S Shaped Lateral Spinal Rotation
- Unequal Shoulder and Scapula Height
- Uneven Gait
- Impaired Oxygenation
- Hump when Bending Forward
- Interventions
- Body Braces
- Worn 23 Hours/Day
- Surgery
- Considerations
- Adolescent Screening
3 mins
Charcot Marie Tooth Disease
- Pathophysiology
- Hereditary Motor Sensory Neuropathy
- Autosomal Dominant
- PMP22 Duplication
- Schwann Cell Dysfunction
- Clinical Features
- Distal Muscle Weakness
- Foot Drop
- Calf Muscle Atrophy
- Scoliosis
- Hammertoes
- Pes Cavus
- Diagnosis
- Onion-skin Appearance on Nerve Biopsy
- Electrodiagnostic Studies
5 mins
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
- Characteristics
- Antigen Presentation Defect
- Lytic Bone Lesions
- Skull
- Presentation
- Hypopituitarism
- Diabetes Insipidus
- Skin Rash
- Recurrent Otitis Media
- Diagnosis
- Birbeck Granules
- "Tennis Racket" Appearance
- S100 Positive
- Management
- Observation
- Prednisone +/- Vinblastine
4 mins
Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome
- Pathophysiology
- Overuse Injury
- Periosteal Inflammation
- Clinical Findings
- Diffuse Tibial Pain
- Diagnosis
- Diagnosis by Clinical Impression
- Treatment
- Conservative Therapy
1 min
