Loop Diuretics
- Thick Ascending Limb of Loop of Henle
- Inhibits Na+-K+-2Cl- Symporter
- Sulfa Drug
- Furosemide
- Lasix
- Gout
- Ototoxicity
- Hypocalcemia
- Hypokalemia
Thiazide Diuretics
- Early Distal Tubule
- Inhibits Na/Cl Reabsorption
- Sulfa Drug
- Hyperglycemia
- Hyperlipidemia
- Hypercalcemia
- Hyperuricemia
- Hyponatremia
- Hypokalemic Metabolic Alkalosis
K+ Sparing Diuretics
- CHF and Hypertension
- Hypokalemia
- Hyperaldosteronism
- Collecting Tubule
- Spironolactone
- Competitive Aldosterone Receptor Antagonist
- Amiloride and Triamterene
- Block Na+ Channels
- Hyperkalemia
- Gynecomastia
Sulfa Drug Allergies
- Sulfasalazine
- Sulfonylureas
- Thiazide Diuretics
- Acetazolamide
- Furosemide Diuretic
- Celecoxib
- Probenecid
Acetazolamide
- Glaucoma
- Altitude Sickness
- Pseudotumor Cerebri
- CHF
- Metabolic Alkalosis
- Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
- Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) Diuresis
- Metabolic Acidosis
- Paresthesias
Mannitol (Osmitrol)
- Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP)
- Glaucoma
- Drug Overdose
- Osmotic diuretic
- Increased Urine Flow
- Dehydration
- Anuria
- CHF
Spironolactone (Aldactone)
- Inhibition of Aldosterone
- Potassium Retention
- Hypertension
- Edema
- Heart Failure
- Hyperkalemia
- Endocrine Effects
- Avoid Potassium Supplements
Hydrochlorothiazide HCTZ
- Inhibits Reabsorption NaCl and H2O
- Edema
- Mild to Moderate Hypertension
- Hypokalemia
- Hyponatremia
- Dehydration
- Hyperglycemia
- Gout
- Sulfa Allergy
- Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
Post Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis
- Nephritic
- Children
- Edema
- Cola Colored Urine
- Follows Group A Streptococcal pharyngitis or Skin Infection
- Neutrophils
- Immunofluorescence (IF) Granular
- Lumpy Bumpy Appearance on Immunofluorescence (IF)
- Subepithelial Immune Complex Humps
Berger's Disease (IgA Nephropathy)
- Nephritic
- IgA Nephropathy
- Immune Complex Deposit in Mesangium
- Increased Synthesis of IgA
- Most Common Cause of Nephritic Syndrome
- Overlapping Features with Henoch–Schönlein Purpura
- Presents with Pharyngitis, URI or Acute Gastroenteritis
Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
- Most Common Childhood Vasculitis
- Follows Pharyngeal or Respiratory Infection
- Palpable Purpura on Legs and Buttocks
- Arthralgia
- Intestinal Hemorrhage
- Black Stool (Melena)
- Associated with IgA Nephropathy
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA) Characteristics
- Small Vessel Vasculitis
- Necrotizing
- Lungs and Upper Airway
- Crescentic Glomerulonephritis
- c-ANCA
- X-ray
- Multiple Nodules in Lungs
- Cyclophosphamide
- Corticosteroids
- Rituximab
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA) Symptoms
- Saddle Nose
- Perforation of Nasal Septum
- Chronic Sinusitis
- Otitis Media
- Mastoiditis
- Cough
- Dyspnea
- Hemoptysis
- Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis
- Hematuria
- RBC Casts
Microscopic Polyangiitis
- Necrotizing Small Vessel Vasculitis
- Lungs, Kidneys, and Skin Commonly Affected
- Palpable Purpura
- Rapidly Progressive Cresentic Glomerulonephritis
- Lesions are Same Age
- Non-granulomatous
- Minimal Nasopharyngeal Involvement
- P-ANCA
- Corticosteroids
- Cyclophosphamide
Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss Syndrome)
- Granulomatous Vasculitis
- Sinusitis
- Skin Lesions
- Peripheral Neuropathy
- Asthma
- GI Disease
- Heart Disease
- Kidney Failure
- Eosinophilia
- p-ANCA
- Corticosteroids
Anti-glomerular Basement Membrane Antibodies
- Glomerulonephritis
- Goodpasture's Disease
- Linear immunofluorescence
- Hemoptysis
- Hematuria
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis
- Nephritic Syndrome
- Crescent Shape
- Crescents Consist of Fibrin and C3b
- With Parietal Cells, Monocytes, and Macrophages
- Linear Immunofluorescence
- Negative Immunofluorescence
- Granular Immunofluorescence
- Goodpasture Syndrome
- Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Formerly Wegener's)
- Microscopic Polyangiitis
- Poor Prognosis
Alport Syndrome
- Nephritic
- X-linked
- Mutation in Type IV Collagen
- Split Basement Membrane
- Basket Weave Appearance
- Ocular Disorders
- Deafness