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First Aid for the USMLE Step 2 CK (8th Ed.) | Medicine (MD/DO) School Study Aid
Benzodiazepine Antidote
- Antidote
- Flumazenil
40 secs
Benzodiazepines Overview
- Indications
- First Line for Status Epilepticus
- Anesthesia Induction
- Anxiety
- Eclampsia
- Detoxification
- Mechanism of Action
- '-zepam' and '-zolam" Suffix
- Increase Frequency of Cl- Channel Opening
- Side Effects
- Decrease REM Sleep
- CNS Depression
- Dependence
- Antidote
- Flumazenil for Overdose
2 mins
Buspirone
- Indications
- Generalized Anxiety
- Mechanism of Action
- Releases Dopamine and NE
- Stimulates 5-HT1A receptors
- Side Effects
- Low Side Effect Profile
- Safer with Alcohol than Other Anxiolytics
1 min
Fluoxetine (Prozac)
- Mechanism of Action
- Inhibits Reuptake of Serotonin
- Indications
- Depression
- Side Effects
- Sexual Dysfunction
- CNS Stimulation
- Weight Changes
- Serotonin Syndrome
- Contraindications
- No MAO-Is
- No Anticoagulants / Antiplatelets
- Considerations
- Suicide Risk
- Delayed Onset of Action
2 mins
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) Overview
- Indications
- Depression
- Anxiety
- Mechanism of Action
- Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
- Drugs
- Paroxetine
- Sertraline
- Escitalopram
- Fluoxetine
- Side Effects
- Sexual Dysfunction
- Serotonin Syndrome
- Treat with Cyproheptadine
2 mins
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) Overview
- Mechanism of Action
- Blocks Serotonin and NE Reuptake
- Lipid-soluble
- Side Effects
- Adverse CNS Effects
- Anticholinergic
- Antihistamine
- Tri-C: Convulsion, Coma, Cardiotoxicity
- Blocks Alpha1 Receptors
2 mins
Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder
- Personality Functioning
- Self-Functioning
- Identity Derived from Work or Productivity
- Inflexible Standards
- Interpersonal Functioning
- Unable to See or Understand Ideas of Others
- Controlling
- Pathological Personality Traits
- Perfectionism
- Only One Right Way
- Perseveration
2 mins
Tricyclic Antidepressant (TCA) Antidote
- Antidote
- Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3)
27 secs
Depression Assessment
- Physical Changes
- Anergia
- Self Neglect
- Decreased Libido
- Vegetative Signs
- Mood
- Sad Affect
- Worthlessness
- Guilt
- Anger and Irritability
- Cognitive
- Ineffective Problem Solving
- Slowed Thinking
1 min
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) Indications
- Indications
- Major Depression
- Bedwetting
- Fibromyalgia
- OCD
- Drugs
- -Iptyline or -Ipramine Suffix
- Amitriptyline
- Desipramine
- Clomipramine
- Imipramine
- Nortriptyline
2 mins
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAO-Is)
- Indications
- Atypical Depression
- Mechanism of Action
- Increase Levels of Amine Neurotransmitters
- Drugs
- "Takes Pride In Shanghai"
- Tranylcypromine
- Phenelzine
- Isocarboxazid
- Selegiline
1 min
Selective Alpha-2 Blockers
- Mirtazapine
- Indications
- Depression Treatment
- Mechanism of Action
- Blocks Alpha2 Receptor
- Antagonist at 5-HT receptors
- Side Effects
- Sedation
- Weight gain
- Increased Serum Cholesterol
1 min
Bupropion
- Indications
- Depression
- Smoking Cessation
- Mechanism of Action
- Increase Dopamine and NE
- Side Effects
- Stimulant Side Effects
- Seizure
1 min
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAOI) Contraindications
- Contraindications
- Wine and Cheese
- Hypertensive Crisis
- Serotonin Drugs
- Serotonin Syndrome
1 min
Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
- Indications
- Depression
- Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
- Duloxetine
- Panic and Anxiety
- Venlafaxine
- Mechanism of Action
- Inhibits Reuptake of Serotonin and NE
- Side Effects
- Hypertension
- Insomnia
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Decreased Libido
1 min
Carbamazepine
- Indications
- First-line Seizure Medication
- First Line for Trigeminal Neuralgia
- Mechanism of Action
- Stabilizes Inactive State of Na+ Channels
- Side Effects
- Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
- Induce Cytochrome P450
- Teratogen
- Hepatotoxicity
- Blood Dyscrasias
2 mins
Lamotrigine
- Indications
- Seizure Treatment
- Bipolar Disorder
- Mechanism of Action
- Blocks Voltage-Gated Na+ Channels
- Side Effect
- Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
1 min
Lithium
- Indications
- Bipolar Disorder
- Mechanism of Action
- Mood Stabilizer
- Unknown Mechanism
- Side Effects
- Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Hypothyroidism
- Movement (Tremor)
- Heart Block
- Contraindication
- Pregnancy (Ebstein's Anomaly)
1 min
Valproic Acid
- Indications
- First Line Tonic-Clonic Seizure Treatment
- Bipolar Disorder
- Migraine Prophylaxis
- Mechanism of Action
- Increases GABA Concentration
- Blocks Voltage-Gated Na+ Channels
- Side Effect
- GI Distress
- Contraindication
- Contraindicated in Pregnancy
1 min
Antisocial Personality Disorder
- Personality Functioning
- Self-Functioning
- Ego-centrism
- Disregards Rights of Others
- Self-esteem from Personal Gain
- Interpersonal Functioning
- No Empathy
- No Intimacy
- Pathological Personality Traits
- Antagonism
- Manipulates Others
- Hostility
- Disinhibition
- > 18 years of age
2 mins
Avoidant Personality Disorder
- Personality Functioning
- Self Functioning
- Feelings of Shame or Inadequacy
- Low Self-Esteem
- Social Withdrawal
- Interpersonal Functioning
- Desires Relationships with Others
- Poor Reaction to Criticism
- Hypersensitive to Rejection
- Pathological Personality Traits
- Anhedonia
- Anxiety
2 mins
Borderline Personality Disorder
- Personality Functioning
- Self Functioning
- Chronic Feelings of Emptiness
- Poor Self Image
- Unstable Goals, Aspirations, Career Plans
- Interpersonal Functioning
- Fear of Abandonment
- Unable to Maintain Relationships
- Pathological Personality Traits
- Unstable Mood
- Splitting
- Self-destructive Behaviors
- Anxiety
- Suicidal Thoughts
2 mins
Dependent Personality Disorder
- Personality Functioning
- Self Functioning
- Difficulty Making Own Decisions
- Interpersonal Functioning
- Uncomfortable Being Alone
- Urgently Seeks New Relationships After Breakups
- Pathological Personality Traits
- Allow Others to Make Decisions
- Exaggerated Fear of Being Unable to Care for Self
- Difficulty Expressing Disagreement
- Difficulty Starting New Projects
- Excessive Lengths to Obtain Nurturance
2 mins
Histrionic Personality Disorder
- Discomfort if Not Center of Attention
- Dressing for Attention
- Flirtatious, Provocative Behavior
- Shallow and Labile Emotions
- Theatrical or Dramatic
- Impressionistic Speech
- Impressionable
- Overestimates Intimacy in Relationships
2 mins
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
- Personality Functioning
- Self Functioning
- Increased Self-Importance
- Inflation of Accomplishments
- Often Angered when Criticized
- Interpersonal Functioning
- Little Interest in Others' Experiences
- No Empathy
- Pathological Personality Traits
- Grandiosity
- Demands the Best
- Requires Admiration of Others
2 mins
Paranoid Personality Disorder
- Personality Functioning
- Self Functioning
- Preoccupied with Trustworthiness of Friends
- Interpersonal Functioning
- Pervasive Mistrust of Others
- Constant Suspicion
- Pathological Personality Traits
- Reads Threatening Meanings in Benign Remarks
- Reluctant to Confide
- Perceives Attacks on Character
- Grudges
2 mins
Schizoid Personality Disorder
- Personality Functioning
- Self Functioning
- Few Pleasurable Activities
- Interpersonal Functioning
- Lacks Interest in Social Relationships
- Pathological Personality Traits
- Lack Close Friends
- Indifferent to Praise
- Chooses Solitary Activities
- Little Interest in Sex
- Emotional Coldness or Detachment
2 mins
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
- Personality Functioning
- Self Functioning
- Socially Awkward
- Interpersonal Functioning
- Mistrustful
- Pathological Personality Traits
- Eccentricity
- Magical Thinking
- Bizarre Thinking and Speech
- Suspicious
- Detachment
1 min
Antipsychotics Overview
- Generations
- Typical
- Atypical
- Mechanism
- Blocks D2 Receptor
- 2nd Generation Blocks the 5-HT 2 Receptor
- Indications
- Psychosis
- Delirium
- Bipolar Disorder
- Tourette’s Syndrome
- Side Effects
- Hyperprolactinemia
- Extrapyramidal Symptoms
- Tardive Dyskinesia
- Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
4 mins
Aripiprazole (Abilify)
- Mechanism
- 2nd Generation Atypical Antipsychotic
- Indications
- Schizophrenia
- Bipolar Disorder
- Depression
- Side Effects
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Insomnia
- Anxiety
- Considerations
- Low Risk of Extrapyramidal Symptoms
- Lowest Risk of Weight Gain
2 mins
Atypical Antipsychotics
- Indications
- Schizophrenia
- Mechanism of Action
- Unknown Mechanism
- Side Effects
- Seizures
- Prolonged QT Interval
- Agranulocytosis
- Weight Gain
- Fewer Extrapyramidal Side Effects
- Fewer Anticholinergic Side Effects
2 mins
Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
- Mechanism
- Low Potency Antipsychotic
- Indications
- Schizophrenia
- Hiccups
- Side Effects
- Sedation
- Weight Gain
- Orthostatic Hypotension
- Anticholinergic Effects
- QT Prolongation
- Neuroendocrine Effects
- Caution in Seizure Patients
- Corneal Deposits
2 mins
Clozapine (Clozaril)
- Mechanism
- Atypical Antipsychotic
- Indications
- Schizophrenia
- Levodopa-Induced Psychosis
- Side Effects
- Weight Gain
- Hypersalivation (Sialorrhea)
- Myocarditis
- Agranulocytosis
- Sedation
- Orthostatic Hypotension
- Constipation (Risk of Bowel Ileus)
- Considerations
- Weekly Lab Tests
2 mins
Low Potency Antipsychotic Drugs
- Drugs
- Chlorpromazine
- Corneal Deposits
- Thioridazine
- Retinal Deposits
- Shared Side Effects
- Alpha1 Antagonist Effects
- Anticholinergic Effects
- Antihistamine Effects
2 mins
High Potency Antipsychotic Drugs
- High Potency Drugs
- Fluphenazine
- Trifluoperazine
- Haloperidol
- Pimozide
- Side Effects
- Extrapyramidal Symptoms
- Short Term
- Dystonia
- Restlessness (Akathisia)
- Torticollis
- Long Term
- Tardive Dyskinesia
- Parkinson's-Like Symptoms
- Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
3 mins
CNS Stimulants
- Indications
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
- Obesity
- Mechanism of Action
- Increase Catecholamines at Synaptic Cleft
- Increase Norepinephrine
- Increase Dopamine
- Drug Names
- Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
- Methamphetamine
- Side Effect
- Potential for Abuse
57 secs
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD)
- Unknown Etiology
- Diagnosis
- Age 6-18 Years
- Anger and Irritability
- > 1 Year
- Treatment
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
- Medications
- Associations
- Increased Risk of Major Depression
2 mins
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