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Pathoma: Fundamentals of Pathology (2018)/
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary DiseaseAce Your Pathoma: Fundamentals of Pathology (2018) Classes and Exams with Picmonic: #1 Visual Mnemonic Study Tool for Medicine (MD/DO) Students
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Pathoma: Fundamentals of Pathology (2018) | Medicine (MD/DO) School Study Aid
COPD Overview (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Overview)
- Causes
- Inhaled Toxins
- Smoking
- AAT Deficiency
- Assessment
- Emphysema
- Chronic Bronchitis
- Asthma
- Considerations
- Spirometry
- Slow Progression
2 mins
Chronic Bronchitis
- Pathophysiology
- Chronic Inflammation of Bronchi
- Signs and Symptoms
- Early-Onset Cyanosis
- Blue Bloaters
- Productive Cough
- Wheezing
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
- Late-Onset Dyspnea
- Crackles
- Diagnosis
- Reid Index > 50%
2 mins
Emphysema
- Clinical Features
- Pink Puffer
- Exhale through Pursed Lips
- Barrel Chest
- Pathophysiology
- Obstructive Lung Disease
- Increased Lung Compliance
- Types
- Centriacinar
- Panacinar
2 mins
Asthma
- Obstructive lung disease
- Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness
- History of Atopic Disease
- Beta2 agonists
- Corticosteroids
- Curschmann's spirals
- Hypertrophy of smooth muscle
- Reversible
- Charcot Leyden crystals
- Methacholine challenge
- Wheezing
- Cough
- Initially decreased PaCO2
- Pulsus paradoxus
2 mins
Intermittent Asthma
- Diagnosis
- Symptoms (Bronchoconstriction) and Rescue Inhaler Use ≤ 2 / Week
- No Interference With ADLs
- Nighttime Awakening < 2 / Month
- > 80 % of Predicted FEV1
1 min
Persistent Mild Asthma
- Diagnosis
- Symptoms (Brochoconstriction) and Rescue Inhaler Use > 2 Days / Week
- Nighttime Awakening 3-4 / Month
- Greater or equal to 80 % of Predicted FEV1
1 min
Persistent Moderate Asthma
- Diagnosis
- Symptoms (Bronchoconstriction) and Rescue Inhaler Use Daily
- Nighttime Awakening > 1 / Week
- 60-80% Predicted FEV1
- FEV1/FVC Decreased 5%
2 mins
Persistent Severe Asthma
- Diagnosis
- Symptoms (Bronchoconstriction) and Rescue Inhaler Use: Multiple/ Day
- With Minimal Activity
- Nighttime Awakening: Nightly
- < 60% Predicted FEV1
- > 5% Decrease FEV1/FVC
2 mins
Stages of Asthma Treatments
- Mild Intermittent
- Short-acting Inhaled Beta-Agonist
- Mild Persistent
- Low-Dose Inhaled Corticosteroid
- Montelukast (Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist)
- Moderate Persistent
- Low to Medium-dose Inhaled Corticosteroid
- Zileuton
- Severe Persistent
- High-Dose Inhaled Corticosteroid
- Systemic Corticosteroids
- Omalizumab (Allergies)
2 mins
Bronchiectasis
- Obstructive Lung Disease
- Chronic Necrotizing Infection
- Permanent Airway Dilation
- Poor Ciliary Motility
- Kartagener's Syndrome
- Cystic Fibrosis
- Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis
- Hemoptysis
- Increased Sputum
2 mins
Obstructive Lung Disease
- Blocked Airflow
- Increased residual volume
- V/Q Mismatch
- Decreased forced vital capacity (FVC)
- Decreased FEV1/FVC ratio
- Asthma
- Bronchiectasis
- Chronic bronchitis
- Emphysema
51 secs
Kartagener Syndrome (Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia)
- inheritance pattern
- Autosomal Recessive
- pathogenesis
- Immotile Cilia Due to a Dynein Arm Defect
- Symptoms
- Decreased Male and Female Fertility
- Immotile Sperm
- Dysfunctional Fallopian Tube Cilia
- Increased Risk of Ectopic Pregnancy
- Bronchiectasis
- Recurrent Sinusitis
- Chronic Ear Infections
- Conductive Hearing Loss
- Situs Inversus (Dextrocardia on Chest X-Ray)
- SCreening
- Decreased Nasal Nitric Oxide Used as Screening Test
5 mins
Cystic Fibrosis Mechanisms
- Autosomal Recessive
- CFTR Chromosome 7
- Cl- channel Defect
- Decreased Chloride Secretion
- Increased Na and Water Reabsorption
- Increased Na and Cl in Sweat
- Dehydration of Mucous Layers
2 mins
Cystic Fibrosis Symptoms and Complications
- Recurrent Pulmonary Infections
- Chronic Bronchitis
- Nasal Polyps
- Pancreatic Insufficiency
- Intestinal Obstruction
- Malabsorption and Diarrhea
- Vitamin Deficiencies
- Chronic Hepatic Disease
- Infertility in Males
1 min
Cystic Fibrosis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Diagnosis
- Sweat Chloride Test > 60 mmol/L
- Meconium Ileus
- Treatment
- N-acetylcysteine
- Antibiotic Prophylaxis
- Pulmonary Maintenance
- Lung Transplant
- Vitamin Replacement
1 min
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