Brunner & Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 14th Ed., Hinkle & Cheever | Practical Nurse (LPN) School Study Aid
Bilirubin Lab Value
- 0.2-1.2 mg/dL
- Increased Bilirubin Causes Jaundice
Liver Enzyme Tests: AST and ALT
- AST/ALT Ratio
- AST: 8-20 U/L
- ALT: 8-20 U/L
Cirrhosis Assessment
- Degeneration and Destruction of Liver Cells
- Jaundice
- Fatigue
- Palmar Erythema
- Spider Angiomas
- Hepatosplenomegaly
- Edema
- Gynecomastia
- Change in LOC
Cirrhosis Interventions
- Maintain Nutrition
- Paracentesis
- Drug Therapy
- Endoscopic Band Ligation or Sclerotherapy
- Balloon Tamponade
- Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS)
- Lactulose
- Antibiotics
Complications of Cirrhosis
- Portal Hypertension
- Ascites
- Esophageal Varices
- Coagulation Defects
- Portal-Systemic Encephalopathy
- Hepatorenal Syndrome
Hepatitis A (HAV) Assessment
- Fecal-Oral
- Ingestion of Contaminated Food or Water
- 4 Weeks
- Fever
- General Malaise
- Hepatomegaly
- Self-Limiting
- Proper Hand Washing
Hepatitis B (HBV) Assessment
- Bodily Fluids
- Blood Transmission
- People Who Use IV Drugs
- Variable 1-6 Months
- Fever
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Hepatomegaly
- Cirrhosis
- Hepatocellular Carcinoma
- Vaccination
Hepatitis C (HCV) Assessment
- Blood Transmission
- High Risk Sex (rare)
- IV Drug Users
- 7 Weeks
- Cirrhosis
- Barrier Protection
Cyclosporine (Sandimmune) Overview
- Immunosuppressant
- Inhibits Calcineurin, Decreasing IL-2
- Prevent Transplant Rejection
- Psoriasis
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Monitor Plasma Levels
- Avoid Grapefruit Juice
- Increased Risk of Lymphoma
Mannitol (Osmitrol)
- Osmotic Diuresis
- Reducing Intracranial Pressure
- Reducing Intraocular Pressure
- Renal Failure Prophylaxis
- Edema
- Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalance
- Avoid Use in Cardiac Patients
- IV Administration
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
- Carbohydrate Metabolism
- Dietary Deficiency
- Beriberi
- Wernicke-Korsakoff
- Alcoholics Highest Risk
- Give Before Glucose
- Give IM or IV
- Enriched Whole Grains
- Pork
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
- Antioxidant
- Collagen Formation
- Steroid Synthesis
- Dietary Deficiency
- Scurvy
- GI Distress
- Citrus Fruits
- May Improve Healing
Vitamin K1 (Phytonadione)
- Synthesizes Clotting Factors II, VII, IX, X
- Hypoprothrombinemia
- Newborn Prophylaxis
- Bleeding from Warfarin Overdose
- Shock
- Kernicterus
- Cardiac Arrest
- Bile Salts required for Intestinal Absorption
- Increased Risks with IV Administration