Pharmacology and the Nursing Process, 8th Ed., Lilley, Rainforth Collins & Snyder | Practical Nurse (LPN) School Study Aid
Hypertension Assessment
- Essential Hypertension
- Secondary Hypertension
- Headache
- Vision Changes
- Nosebleed (Epistaxis)
- Chest Pain
- Syncope (Fainting)
- Average 2 Sets, 2 Minutes Apart
- After 2 or More Visits (within 1-4 weeks)
- Take BP Both Arms
- Common in African Americans
Primary Hypertension Risk Factors
- Excessive Alcohol Consumption
- High Sodium Diet
- Dyslipidemia
- Obesity
- People of African Descent
- Advanced Age
- Vitamin D Deficiency
- Reduced Nephron Number
- Diabetes
- Lack of Physical Activity
Blood Pressure Classification (JNC 7)
- Normal
- Systolic (<120)
- Diastolic (< 80)
- Prehypertension
- Systolic +20 (120-139)
- Diastolic +10 (80-89)
- Stage 1 Hypertension
- Systolic +20 (140-159)
- Diastolic +10 (90-99)
- Stage 2 Hypertension
- Systolic + > 20 (160)
- Diastolic + > 10 (100)
- Hypertensive Crisis
- Systolic > 180
- Diastolic > 110
Hypertension Intervention
- Weight Reduction and Exercise
- Diet Changes
- Relaxation Techniques
- Smoking Cessation
- Medications
- Encourage Self Monitoring
Beta Blockers
- "-olol" suffix
- Decreases Heart Rate and Contractility
- Decreases Peripheral Vascular Resistance
- Decreases Renin Release
- Hypertension
- Heart Failure
- Angina Pectoris
- Asthma and Heart Block Patients
- Assess Blood Pressure and Heart Rate
- Masking Signs of Hypoglycemia
- Do Not Stop Abruptly
Prazosin (Minipress)
- -osin suffix
- Selective Alpha-1 Receptor Blocker
- Hypertension
- Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
- Nightmares
- Orthostatic Hypotension
- Tachycardia
- Priapism / Inhibition of Ejaculation
- Nasal Congestion
- First Dose Effect
- Administer at Bedtime
Alpha 1 Receptor
- Gq Subunit
- Increase Vascular Smooth Muscle Contraction
- Increase Pupillary Dilator Muscle Contraction
- Increase Intestinal and Bladder Sphincter Muscle Contraction
Alpha 2 Receptor
- Gi Subunit
- Decrease Sympathetic Outflow
- Decrease Insulin Release
- Decrease Lipolysis
- Increase Platelet Aggregation
- Decrease Aqueous Humor Production
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
- Ends in "-sartan"
- Blocks Angiotensin II Receptor
- Hypertension
- Angioedema
- Renal Artery Stenosis
- Pregnancy
Calcium Channel Blockers (Verapamil and Diltiazem)
- Slows AV Conduction
- Angina Pectoris
- Arrhythmias
- Essential Hypertension
- Bradycardia
- Hypotension
- Constipation
- Peripheral Edema
- Gingival Hyperplasia
- Medication Education
Loop Diuretics
- Thick Ascending Limb of Loop of Henle
- Inhibits Na+-K+-2Cl-
- Sulfa Drug
- Furosemide
- Lasix
- Ototoxicity from Rapid Injection
- Gout
- Dehydration
- Hypocalcemia
- Hypokalemia
- Orthostatic Hypotension
Lithium
- Mood Stabilizer
- Unknown Mechanism
- Bipolar Disorder
- Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
- Hypothyroidism
- Tremor
- Heart Block
- Pregnancy
- Monitor Plasma Levels
NSAIDs
- Anti-inflammatory
- Analgesic
- Fever
- Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus
- Reversible Inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2
- Block Prostaglandin Synthesis
- Interstitial Nephritis
- Gastric Ulcer
- Renal Ischemia
Hydralazine (Apresoline)
- Severe Hypertension
- CHF
- Reduced Afterload
- Pregnancy
- Vasodilates Arterioles
- Drug-induced Lupus
- Reflex Tachycardia
- Hypotension
- Combined with Diuretic and Beta Blocker
Sodium Nitroprusside (Nitropress)
- Venous and Arterial Dilation
- Hypertensive Crisis
- Cyanide Toxicity
- Thiocyanate Toxicity
- Hypotension
- Short Term Administration
- Light Sensitive, Use Container
- Continuous BP Monitoring
Creatinine Lab Values
- Measures Renal Function
- 0.6 - 1.3 mg/dL