Cerebral Palsy (CP)
- Maternal Infections
- Fetal Hypoxia
- Developmental Delay
- Neurological Dysfunction
- Spasticity
- Dysphagia
- Muscle Relaxants
- Muscle Exercises
- Assistive Devices
- Braces
Types of Seizures
- Tonic-clonic
- Tonic
- Clonic
- Absence (Petit Mal)
- Myoclonic
- Atonic
- Partial (Focal) Seizure
- Simple Partial
- Complex Partial
Seizure Interventions
- Maintain Airway
- Side-lying Position
- Support Head
- Move to Floor
- Benzodiazepines
- Never Restrain
- No Objects in Mouth
- Document Details
Seizure Precautions
- Reduce Environmental Stimuli
- Identify Triggers
- Aura
- Pad Side Rails
- Bed Lowest Position
- Oxygen and Suction Available
- Monitor Therapeutic Drug Levels
Hydrocephalus
- Increased CSF in Ventricles of Brain
- Signs of Increased ICP
- High Pitched Cry
- Irritability
- Opisthotonus
- Increased Head Circumference
- Bulging Fontanel
- Setting Sun Sign
- Seizure Precautions
- Elevate HOB
- CSF Shunt
Common Causes of Meningitis: Newborn (0-6 Months)
- Group B Streptococci
- E. coli
- Listeria monocytogenes
Common Causes of Meningitis: Children (6 Months - 6 Years)
- Enteroviruses
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Haemophilus influenzae Type B
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
Meningitis Assessment
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Fever
- Nuchal Rigidity
- Severe Headache
- Purpura
- Seizures
- Photophobia
- Opisthotonus Position
- High-Pitched Cry
- Bulging Fontanel
Meningitis Interventions
- IV Antibiotics
- Dexamethasone
- Analgesics
- Antipyretics
- Closely Monitor for Increased ICP
- Bed Rest
- Preventative Vaccinations
- Droplet-Airborne Precautions
Reye's Syndrome
- Aspirin (Salicylates) to Treat Viral Illness (In Children)
- Cerebral Edema
- Lethargy (Decreased LOC)
- Vomiting
- Liver Failure
- Monitor for Increased ICP
- Mannitol (Osmitrol)
- No Aspirin for Children
Spina Bifida Assessment
- Congenital Malformation of Vertebrae
- Dimple With or Without Hair Tuft
- Lumbar Sac
- Hydrocephalus
- Paralysis
- Identify Type
Spina Bifida Interventions
- Surgery
- Prone Position
- Cover Sac with Moist (Sterile) Dressing
- Measure Head Circumference
- Bulging Fontanel
- Other Congenital Malformations Common
- Bowel Control
- Neurogenic Bladder
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Assessment
- Inattention
- Incomplete Tasks
- Easily Distracted
- Hyperactivity
- Impulsiveness
- Disruptive
- Two Areas of Life
- Onset by Age 12
- Symptoms > 6 Months
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Interventions
- CNS Stimulants
- Amphetamine
- Methylphenidate
- Bupropion (Wellbutrin)
- Atomoxetine (Strattera)
- Guanfacine (Intuniv)
- Manage Disruptive Behavior
- Provide Simple Instructions