Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Ed., Huether, McCance, Brashers, & Rote | Practical Nurse (LPN) School Study Aid
Types of Fractures
- Nondisplaced
- Displaced
- Incomplete
- Complete
- Closed
- Open
- Direction of Fracture Line
Compartment Syndrome Assessment
- Trauma
- Increased Pressure
- Compressed Nerves and Blood Vessels
- 1 or more of 6 P's
- Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI)
- May take Days to develop
- Early Detection
- Ischemia
- Damage often Irreversible
Compartment Syndrome Interventions
- Frequent Neurovascular Assessments
- Evaluate Pain
- Do Not Elevate Extremity
- Remove or Loosen Restrictive Items
- Fasciotomy
- Amputation
- Infection
- Monitor Urine Output
Osteoporosis Assessment
- Postmenopausal Women
- Long Term Corticosteroids
- Kyphosis
- Dowager's Hump
- Loss of Height
- Back Pain
- Pathologic Fractures
- Spinal Compression Fracture
Osteoporosis Interventions
- Increased Calcium Intake
- Vitamin D Supplements
- Bisphosphonates
- Raloxifene
- Denosumab
- Calcitonin
- Teriparatide
- Bone Densitometry (DEXA) Scan
- Weight Bearing Exercises
Osteomyelitis
- Bone Infection
- Warmth
- Edema
- Constant Bone Pain
- Fever
- IV Antibiotics
- Implanted Beads
- Hyperbaric Oxygen
- Surgical Removal of Ischemic Tissue
- Elevated ESR
Osteoarthritis
- Articular Cartilage Destruction
- Biomechanical Stress
- Aging
- Asymmetric
- Pain Decreases with Rest
- Morning Stiffness Under 30 Minutes
- Crepitus
- DIP and PIP Joints
- Lifestyle Changes
- Acetaminophen or NSAIDs
Osteoarthritis Assessment
- Aging
- Articular Cartilage Destruction
- Biomechanical Stress
- Asymmetric
- Pain Decreases with Rest
- Morning Stiffness under 30 Minutes
- Crepitus
- DIP and PIP Joints
Osteoarthritis Interventions
- Balance Rest and Activity
- Therapeutic Exercise
- Heat and Cold Applications
- Intra-articular Injection
- NSAIDs
- Reconstructive Joint Surgery
Rheumatoid Arthritis Assessment
- Destruction of Connective Tissue and Synovial Membrane
- Inflammation of Joints
- Morning Stiffness
- Nodules
- Joint Deformities
Rheumatoid Arthritis Interventions
- Heat and Cold Applications
- Therapeutic Exercise
- Balance Rest and Activity
- NSAIDs
- DMARDs
- Glucocorticoids
- PT/OT
- Reconstructive Joint Surgery
Gout Disease
- Acute Inflammatory Monoarthritis
- Primarily in Males
- Precipitation of Monosodium Urate Crystals
- Underexcretion of Uric Acid
- Overproduction of Uric Acid
- Negatively Birefringent, Needle-Shaped
- Swollen, Red, Painful Joint
- Asymmetric Joint Distribution
- Podagra
- Tophus
- After Large Meal or Alcohol
Gout Treatment
- NSAIDs
- Glucocorticoids
- Colchicine
- Impairs Leukocyte Chemotaxis
- Inhibit Xanthine Oxidase
- Allopurinol
- Febuxostat
- Inhibit Reabsorption of Uric Acid
- Probenecid