Understanding Pathophysiology, 6th Ed., Huether, McCance, Brashers, & Rote | Practical Nurse (LPN) School Study Aid
Skin Anatomy
- Epidermis
- Keratinocytes
- Melanocytes
- Dendritic Cells
- Merkel Cells
- Dermis
- Sweat Glands
- Hair Follicles
- Sebaceous Glands
- Hypodermis
Skin Functions
- Thermoregulation
- Protection
- Innate Immune Protection
- Synthesize Vitamin D
- Water and Salt Excretion
- Dilated Capillaries are a Blood Reservoir
Pressure Ulcers
- Prolonged Immobilization
- Neurologic Disease
- Decreased Level of Consciousness
- Stage 1: Intact Skin with Non-blanchable Erythema
- Stage 2: Partial Thickness Skin Loss
- Stage 3: Full-thickness Skin Loss without Fascial Involvement
- Stage 4: Full-thickness Skin Loss with Fascial Involvement
- Wound Care
- Surgery
- Septicemia
- Osteomyelitis
- Prevention
Atopic Dermatitis / Eczema
- Pruritic Vesicles
- Inflammatory Skin Rash
- Cheeks in Children
- Skin Flexural Areas
- Associated with Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis
- Tacrolimus
- Moisturizers
- Corticosteroids
- Phototherapy
- Avoid Triggers
- Antihistamines
Psoriasis
- Epidermal Hyperproliferation Keratinocytes
- Defined Red Salmon Plaques
- Silvery Scales
- Extensor Surfaces
- Bleeding when Removed
- Auspitz Sign
- Pruritus
- Nail Changes
- Munro Microabscesses
- Nucleated Cells in Stratum Corneum
- Retinoids
- Topical Corticosteroids
- Tar
- Immunosuppressants
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Assessment
- Multisystem Inflammatory Disorder
- Malar Rash
- Discoid Rash
- Arrhythmias
- Arthritis
- Hemolytic Anemia
- Seizures
- Glomerulonephritis
- Periods of Exacerbation and Remission
- Diagnosed by ANA (Anti-nuclear antibody assay)
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Interventions
- Avoid Sunlight
- Glucocorticoids
- Methotrexate
- NSAIDs
- Hydroxychloroquine
- Azathioprine
- Monitor for Renal Failure (ARF)
- Manage Pain
Lyme Disease
- Transmitted by Ticks (Vector-borne)
- Flu-like Symptoms
- Bulls Eye Rash (Erythema Migrans)
- Joint Pain and Stiffness
- Facial Paralysis
- Antibiotics
- Prevention
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
- Enveloped
- Double Stranded DNA
- Linear
- Type 1 HSV
- Gingivostomatitis
- Keratoconjunctivitis
- Encephalitis of Temporal Lobes
- Latent in Trigeminal Ganglia
- Type 2 HSV
- Genital Vesicles
- Neonatal Herpes
- TORCHES
- Latent in Sacral Ganglia
- Tzanck Test
- Multinucleated Giant Cells
- Cowdry A Inclusions
- Acyclovir
Herpes Zoster (Shingles)
- Varicella-Zoster Virus
- Linear, Unilateral Rash Along a Dermatome
- Pruritus
- Postherpetic Neuralgia
- Acyclovir
- Analgesics
- Gabapentin
- Contagious Vesicles
- Shingrix
Varicella (Chickenpox)
- Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)
- Red Maculopapular Rash
- Vesicles Ooze and Crust
- Pruritus
- Centripetal
- Varicella Immunization
- Skin Care to Minimize Itching
- Isolate until Vesicles Crust
Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)
- Herpesvirus 3
- Enveloped
- Double Stranded DNA
- Chickenpox
- Pneumonia
- Encephalitis
- Trigeminal and Dorsal Root Ganglia
- Shingles
- Tzanck Test
- Multinucleated Giant Cells
- Cowdry A Inclusion
- Acyclovir
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
- Non-enveloped
- Circular
- Double Stranded DNA
- Warts 1, 2, 6, 11
- Condyloma acuminata
- Type 16, 18
- Cervical Carcinoma
- Penile Carcinoma
- AIDS/Immunocompromised
- Worsened by Smoking
- Koilocytic change in squamous epithelium
- Pyknotic Nuclei Surrounded by Clear Halo
- Vaccine Available
Cancer Warning Signs (CAUTION)
- Change in Bowel or Bladder Habits
- A Sore That Does Not Heal
- Unusual Bleeding or Discharge
- Thickening or Lump in the Breast or Elsewhere
- Dyspepsia (Indigestion)
- Obvious Change to Warts or Moles
- Nagging Cough
ABCDEs of Melanoma
- Asymmetry
- Border
- Color
- Diameter
- Evolving
Rule of 9's for Burns
- Total Body Surface Area (TBSA)
- Head
- Chest
- Abdomen
- Upper Back
- Lower Back
- Posterior Leg (each)
- Anterior Leg (each)
- Each Arm
- Genitalia 1%
Parkland Formula
- Burn victims
- 24 hours
- TBSA %
- x Weight (kg)
- x 4
- = Fluid Requirement (in first 24 hrs)
- 1/2 of fluid given in first 8 hours
Types of Burns
- Superficial Thickness
- Sunburn
- Superficial Partial Thickness
- Blisters
- Blanching
- Deep Partial Thickness
- Little or Non-blanching
- Full Thickness
- Waxy White, Yellow or Black
- Decreased Pain
Stages of Burn Care
- Resuscitative/Emergent Phase
- Injury to Return of Capillary Permeability
- 48-72 hours
- IV Fluid Replacement
- Acute Phase
- Diuresis to Near Wound Closure
- Wound Closure to Return of Optimal Level
Burns Assessment
- Stage and Extent of Burn
- Dyspnea
- Singed Nasal Hairs
- Pain
- Initial Decrease Urinary Output
- Paralytic Ileus
- Signs of Inadequate Hydration
- Shock
- Hypothermia
- Hyperkalemia
Burns Interventions
- Ensure Airway Patency
- O2
- IV Fluid Replacement
- Dry Sterile Dressing
- Debridement
- Elevate Burned Limbs
- Analgesics
- Silver Sulfadiazine
- Escharotomy
Burns Considerations
- Maintain Body Temperature
- Increased Risk of Infection
- Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) Prophylaxis
- Curling's Ulcer
- Excision and Grafting
- Adequate Nutrition
- Contractures