Antibiotics Review for Nurse Practitioners
Picmonic makes learning about antibiotics for NPs clear and efficient. Our engaging characters, audio stories & quizzes help you master indications, resistances, & side effects. Review key antibiotics with confidence and provide optimal patient care with Picmonic by your side!
Pharmacology | Nurse Practitioner (NP) School Study Aid
Antibiotics Overview
- Cell Wall Inhibitors
- Cell Wall Inhibitors
- Penicillins
- Cephalosporins
- Monobactams
- Carbapenems (Imipenem & Meropenem)
- Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors
- Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
- Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
- Aminoglycosides
- Macrolides
- Clindamycin
- Tetracyclines
- Linezolid
- Chloramphenicol
- Other
- Fluoroquinolones
- Sulfonamides
4 mins
Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors
- Considerations
- Often Combined with Penicillin Antibiotics
- Drug Names
- Clavulanic Acid
- Sulbactam
- Tazobactam
51 secs
Antipseudomonal Penicillins
- Drugs
- Ticarcillin
- Carbenicillin
- Piperacillin
- Mechanism of Action
- Same Mechanism as Penicillin
- Indications
- Extended Spectrum
- Pseudomonas and Gram-Negative Rods
- Considerations
- Combine with Beta Lactamase Inhibitor
- Clavulanic Acid
- Tazobactam
- Hypersensitivity Reactions
2 mins
Penicillin
- Gram Positive
- Spirochetes
- Bind PBPs
- Block Transpeptidase Cross-linking of Cell Wall
- Activate Autolytic Enzymes
- Bactericidal
- Hypersensitivity Reactions
- Hemolytic Anemia
- Beta-lactamase Sensitive
2 mins
Ampicillin and Amoxicillin
- Mechanism
- Aminopenicillin
- Broad Spectrum Penicillin
- Indications
- Gram-Positive and Some Gram-Negative Infections
- Side Effects
- Rash
- Diarrhea
- Considerations
- No Effect Against Staph Aureus
- Often combined with Beta Lactamase Inhibitor
- Allergic Reaction
2 mins
Aminopenicillin Mechanisms
- Indications
- Broader Spectrum
- Drug Names
- Ampicillin
- Amoxicillin
- Mechanism and Characteristics
- Beta-Lactamase Sensitive
- Combine with Clavulanic Acid
- Side Effects
- Hypersensitivity Reactions
- Ampicillin Rash
- Pseudomembranous Colitis
2 mins
Aminopenicillin Uses
- Drug Names
- Ampicillin
- Amoxicillin
- Indications
- Shigella
- Haemophilus Influenzae
- Salmonella
- Listeria
- Enterococci
- Proteus Mirabilis
- E. Coli
1 min
Aztreonam
- Monobactam
- Resistant to beta lactamases
- Binds to penicillin binding protein (PBP)
- Inhibit cell wall synthesis
- No Activity on Gram-Positives or Anaerobes
- Gram-Negative Rods
- Non allergenic to penicillin
- Synergistic with aminoglycosides
2 mins
Imipenem
- Mechanism
- Resistant to Beta-Lactamases
- Broad Spectrum
- Indications
- Anaerobes
- Gram-Negative Rods
- Gram-Positive Cocci
- Must Administer with Cilastatin
- Cilastatin is Inhibitor of Renal Dehydropeptidase I
- Side Effects
- Diarrhea
- Skin Rash
- Seizures
- Considerations
- Meropenem
- Stable to Dehydropeptidase I
- Reduced Risk of Seizures (Non-Seizure Causing)
2 mins
Macrolides
- Mechanism of Action
- Bacteriostatic
- Bind to 23S rRNA of 50S Subunit
- Inhibit Protein Synthesis by Blocking Translocation
- Macrolides
- Erythromycin
- Azithromycin
- Clarithromycin
- Indications
- Gram-Positive Cocci
- Atypical Pneumonia
- Chlamydia
- Considerations
- Resistance by Methylation of 23S rRNA Binding
2 mins
Macrolides Side Effects
- Side Effects
- Diarrhea
- Prolonged QT Interval
- P450 Inhibitor
- Cholestatic Hepatitis
- Skin Rash
- Eosinophilia
3 mins
Aminoglycosides
- Drug Names
- Gentamicin
- Neomycin for Bowel Surgery Prep
- Amikacin
- Tobramycin
- Streptomycin
- Mechanism of Action
- Bactericidal
- Inhibit Formation of Initiation Complex
- Cause Misreading of mRNA
- Require O2 for Uptake
- Resistance
- Resistance by Transferase Enzymes
- Acetylation
- Phosphorylation
- Adenylation
- Indications
- Gram-Negative Rod Infections
- Synergistic with B-Lactam Antibiotics
- Side Effects
- Nephrotoxicity Especially When Used with Cephalosporins
- Ototoxicity Especially When Used with Loop Diuretics
- Teratogen
5 mins
Neomycin Sulfate
- Mechanism
- Aminoglycoside Antibiotic
- Indications
- Topical Infection
- Intestinal Surgery Prophylaxis
- Side Effects
- Ototoxicity
- Nephrotoxicity
- Rash
- Blood Dyscrasias
- Considerations
- GI Superinfection
2 mins
Chloramphenicol
- Mechanism
- Bacteriostatic
- Inhibits 50S Peptidyltransferase Activity
- Indications
- Meningitis
- Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever in Pregnant Women
- Side Effects
- Anemia
- Aplastic Anemia
- Gray Baby Syndrome due to Decreased UDP-Glucuronyl Transferase
- Resistance Caused by Plasmid Encoded Acetyltransferase
2 mins
Tetracycline Mechanism
- Binds to 30 S to Prevent Attachment of Aminoacyl tRNA
- Limited CNS Penetration
- Divalent Cations Inhibit Absorption
- Must Not Take with Milk, Antacids, Iron
1 min
Tetracycline Drug Names and Indications
- Drug Names
- Demeclocycline
- Minocycline
- Doxycycline
- Fecally Eliminated
- Can be Used in Renal Failure
- Indications
- Antidiuretic Hormone Antagonist
- Chlamydia
- Rickettsia
- Borrelia burgdorferi
- Helicobacter Pylori
- Mycoplasma Pneumonia
3 mins
Tetracycline Toxicities
- Inhibition of Bone Growth in Children
- Teratogen
- Discoloration of Teeth
- Photosensitivity
- GI Distress
2 mins
Tigecycline (Tygacil)
- Mechanism Of Action
- Glycylcycline Antibiotic
- Binds 30S Subunit
- Inhibits Protein Synthesis
- Indications
- Severe Infections
- Broad Spectrum Coverage
- Anaerobic & Multidrug-Resistant Organisms
- Deep Tissue Penetration
- Side Effects
- GI Distress
- Severe Nausea and Vomiting
- Considerations
- 2nd Line Agent
3 mins
Fluoroquinolones Antibiotics
- -floxacin
- Mechanism of Action
- Inhibits Topoisomerase II & IV
- Bactericidal
- Indications
- Gram-negative Rods
- Pneumonia
- Gastrointestinal Infections
- Urinary Tract Infection
- Genital Infections
- Drugs
- Levofloxacin
- Ciprofloxacin
- Has Pseudomonas Coverage
- Considerations
- Avoid Polyvalent Cations
3 mins
Fluoroquinolones Toxicities
- Diarrhea
- Skin Rash
- Headache
- Tendon Rupture in Adults
- Myalgias in Kids
- Damage to Cartilage
- Teratogen
- QT Prolongation
1 min
Clindamycin
- Mechanism of Action
- Bacteriostatic
- Binds 50S Ribosomal Subunit
- Blocks Translocation
- Indications
- Anaerobic Infections above the Diaphragm
- Aspiration Pneumonia
- Lung Abscess
- Side Effects
- Can Cause Pseudomembranous Colitis
1 min
Vancomycin Mechanism
- Bacteriostatic and Bactericidal
- Gram-Positive
- Inhibits Cell Wall Mucopeptide
- Binds to D-ala D-ala
- Resistance with Change to D-ala D-lac
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Orally for Clostridium difficile
- Enterococci
2 mins
Vancomycin Side Effects & Toxicity
- Side Effects
- Thrombophlebitis
- Nephrotoxicity
- Ototoxicity
- Diffuse Flushing Called Red Man Syndrome
- Prevent with Antihistamine
- Prevent with Slow Infusion
2 mins
Cephalosporins Overview
- Mechanism of Action
- Beta lactam drug
- Inhibits cell wall synthesis
- Bactericidal
- Side Effects
- Hypersensitivity reactions
- Vitamin K Deficiency
- Disulfiram like reaction with Alcohol
- Increased Nephrotoxicity of Aminoglycosides
1 min
1st Generation Cephalosporin
- Drug Names
- Cefazolin
- Cephalexin
- Indications (PEcK Mnemonic)
- Proteus mirabilis
- E. coli
- Klebsiella
- Gram-Positive Cocci
1 min
2nd Generation Cephalosporin
- Drug Names
- Cefoxitin
- Cefaclor
- Cefuroxime
- Indications (PEcK HENS Mnemonic)
- Proteus mirabilis
- E. coli
- Klebsiella
- Gram-Positive Cocci
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Enterobacter
- Neisseria
- Serratia marcescens
2 mins
3rd Generation Cephalosporin
- Drug Names
- Cefotaxime
- Ceftriaxone
- Cefdinir
- Ceftazidime
- Pseudomonas
- Indications
- Serious Gram-Negative Bacteria Resistant to Other Beta-Lactams
1 min
4th Generation Cephalosporin
- Drug Name
- Cefepime
- Indications
- Increased Activity Against Gram-Positive Infections and Pseudomonas
29 secs
5th Generation Cephalosporin
- Mechanism
- Beta-Lactam
- Indications
- Resistant Bacteria
- Broad Spectrum Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative
- Drugs
- Ceftobiprole
- Has Pseudomonas Coverage
- Ceftaroline
- No Pseudomonas Coverage
1 min
Sulfonamides Mechanisms
- Bacteriostatic
- Gram-Positive
- Gram-Negative
- Nocardia
- Chlamydia
- PABA antimetabolites
- Inhibit dihydropteroate synthase
- Sulfamethoxazole
- Sulfisoxazole
- Sulfadiazine
1 min
Sulfonamides Side Effects
- Side Effects
- Hypersensitivity
- Nephrotoxicity
- Photosensitivity
- Kernicterus in Infants
- Displaces Warfarin from Albumin
- Considerations
- Hemolysis with G6PD Deficiency
3 mins
Sulfa Drug Allergies
- Sulfasalazine
- Sulfonylureas
- Thiazide Diuretics
- Acetazolamide
- Furosemide Diuretic
- Celecoxib
- Probenecid
49 secs
Daptomycin (Cubicin)
- Mechanism Of Action
- Lipopeptide Antibiotic
- Disrupts Cell Membrane
- Causes Rapid Depolarization
- Indication
- Gram-Positive Cocci
- MRSA
- Side Effects
- Myopathy
- Rhabdomyolysis
- Peripheral Neuropathy
- Considerations & Patient Education
- Inactivated by Surfactant
- Not Used (Avoid) for Pneumonia
3 mins
Silver Sulfadiazine (Silvadene) and Mafenide Acetate (Sulfamylon)
- Mechanism
- Topical Antimicrobial
- Indications
- Burns
- Open Wound Care
- Side Effects
- Mafenide
- Pain
- Acidosis
- Considerations
- Administer Analgesic Prior to Wound Care
1 min
Trimethoprim
- Mechanism of Action
- Bacteriostatic
- Inhibits Bacterial Dihydrofolate Reductase
- Causes Sequential Block of Folate Synthesis
- Used in Combination with Sulfamethoxazole
- Combination Used For Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections
- Indications
- Shigella
- Salmonella
- Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia
- Side Effects
- Decrease in Red and White Blood Cells
- Alleviated with Leucovorin Rescue
2 mins
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
- Drug Names
- 30S inhibitors
- Aminoglycosides
- Tetracyclines
- 50S inhibitors
- Chloramphenicol
- Clindamycin
- Erythromycin
- Lincomycin
- Linezolid
3 mins
Linezolid (Zyvox)
- Mechanism Of Action
- Oxazolidinone Antibiotic
- Binds 23S rRNA of 50S Subunit
- Inhibits Protein Synthesis
- Indication
- Gram-Positive Organisms
- MRSA
- VRE (Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci)
- Side Effects
- Bone Marrow Suppression
- Decreased Platelet Count
- Peripheral Neuropathy
- Lactic Acidosis
- Serotonin Syndrome
- Considerations & Patient Education
- Avoid Tyramine Containing Foods
4 mins
Polymyxins
- Mechanism of Action
- Cationic
- Act Like Detergents
- Bind to Cell Membranes of Bacteria
- Disrupt Their Osmotic Properties
- Indications
- Resistant Gram-Negative Infections
- Side Effects
- Neurotoxicity
- Renal tubular necrosis
3 mins
Hydroxychloroquine
- Mechanism of Action
- Immunosuppressant
- Indications
- Malaria
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
- Porphyria Cutanea Tarda
- Side Effects
- Cardiotoxicity
- Retinopathy
- Considerations
- Ophthalmological Exams
3 mins
Macrolides
- End in "-thromycin"
- Mechanism of Action
- Bacteriostatic
- Indications
- Alternative for Penicillin Allergy
- Respiratory Infections
- Pneumonia
- Side Effects
- QT Prolongation and Sudden Death
- C.Diff Overgrowth
- GI Distress
- Considerations
- Slow IV Infusion
2 mins
Ace Your Nurse Practitioner (NP) Classes & Exams with Picmonic:
Over 1,990,000 students use Picmonic’s picture mnemonics to improve knowledge, retention, and exam performance.
Choose the #1 Nurse Practitioner (NP) student study app.
Picmonic for Nurse Practitioner (NP) covers information that is relevant to your entire Nurse Practitioner (NP) education. Whether you’re studying for your classes or getting ready to conquer your licensing exams, we’re here to help.
Works better than traditional Nurse Practitioner (NP) flashcards.
Research shows that students who use Picmonic see a 331% improvement in memory retention and a 50% improvement in test scores.