pH - Blood and Urine Lab Value
- Blood
- 7.35 - 7.45
- Urine
- 4.0 - 8.0
Urine Specific Gravity Lab Value
Pyelogram
- Visualizes Urinary Tract
- Diagnose Urinary Disorders
- Bowel Prep (Enema)
- IV Contrast Media
- X-Ray (Radiopaque)
- Increase Fluid Intake
- Iodine Allergy
- Decreased Renal Function
Urinary Tract Infection Symptoms
- More Common in Elderly
- Most Common in Females and Babies
- Change in LOC
- Dehydration
- Fever
- Urgency
- Urethral Infection
- Burning
- Smelly Urine
- Dark Cloudy Urine
- Frequency of Urination
Urinary Tract Infection Prevention and Treatment
- Shower after Sex
- Urinate after Sex
- Wipe front to Back
- I and Os with Daily Weights
- Increase Water Intake
- Antibiotics
- Avoid Caffeine
- Dr Appointment in 2 Weeks
- Void every 2 - 4 hours
Pyelonephritis Assessment
- Ascending Urethral Bacteria
- Dysuria
- Fever
- Fatigue
- Flank Pain
- Costovertebral Tenderness
- Nausea and Vomiting
Pyelonephritis Interventions
- Urinalysis
- NSAIDs
- Antibiotics
- Increase Fluid Intake
- Avoid Catheterization
- Urosepsis
Dialysis
- Hemodialysis
- Rapid Shifts of Fluid and Electrolytes
- Disequilibrium Syndrome
- Hypotension
- NO BP IN ARM with Shunt or Fistula
- Assess for Thrill and Bruit
- Peritoneal Dialysis
- Slow Process
- Peritonitis
- Loss of Protein
- Hyperglycemia
Enema Administration
- Tap Water/Soapsuds
- Normal Saline
- Hypertonic Solution
- Medication
- Oil Retention
- Procedure Education
- Wear PPE
- Put Patient in Sims Position
- Insert Tip
- Start Flow Slowly
- Stop With Discomfort
- Potential for Vagus Response
Colorectal Cancer Assessment
- 3rd Most Common Cancer
- Change in Bowel Habits
- Bowel Obstruction
- Rectal Bleeding
- Anemia
- Weight Loss
- Ascites
- Colonoscopy
- FOBT and FIT
Clostridium difficile (Clostridioides difficile) Treatments
- Oral Vancomycin
- Fidaxomicin
- Metronidazole
- Stool Transplant
Ileostomy Care
- Antibiotics
- Monitor Skin Breakdown
- Drains Continuously
- Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalance
- Low Fiber Diet
Colostomy Care
- Wash with Warm Water
- Cut 1/8 inch Around Stoma
- Decreases Skin Irritation
- Empty When 1/3 to 1/2 Full
- Change 3-7 Days
- Avoid Odor Causing Foods
- Irrigate at Same Time
Functional Incontinence
- Increased Urinary Volume
- Unable to Timely Urinate
- Dementia
- Excessive Alcohol Consumption
- Immobility
- Scheduled Voiding
Urge Incontinence
- Strong Urge To Void
- Unable To Void Quickly Enough
- Nocturia
- Increased Frequency
- Small Volume Voids
- Increased Detrusor Muscle Activity
- Avoid Caffeine & Alcohol
- Anticholinergics
- Mirabegron
- Botox
- Sacral Neuromodulation
Overflow Incontinence
- Increased Residual Urine Volume
- Involuntary Urine Dribble
- Urinary Frequency
- Nerve Lesions Cause Bladder Atony
- Bladder Outlet Obstruction
- Weak Detrusor Muscles
- Bethanechol
- Catheterization
- Sacral Neuromodulation
Stress Incontinence
- Urine Leak with Movement
- Cough or Sneeze
- Increased Intra-abdominal pressure
- Laxity of Pelvic Floor Muscles
- Urethral Sphincter Insufficiency
- Kegel Exercises
- Pessaries
- Alpha-adrenergic Agonists
- Surgery
- History of Vaginal Birth
- Cystocele
Types of Intestinal Obstruction
- Adhesions
- Hernia
- Volvulus
- Intussusception
- Tumor
- Mesenteric Artery Occlusion
- Spinal Injury
- Paralytic Ileus
Intestinal Obstruction
- Severe Abdominal Pain
- Vomiting
- High Pitched Bowel Sounds
- Abdominal Distention
- Increased Peristalsis
- Absent Bowel Sounds
- Paralytic Ileus