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NCLEX-RN® Test Plan: Client Needs | Registered Nurse (RN) School Study Aid
Diet Progression
- Types of Diets
- Clear Liquid
- Full Liquid
- Pureed
- Mechanical Soft
- Low Residue (Fiber)
- High Fiber
- Regular
1 min
Therapeutic Diets
- Common Therapeutic Diets
- High Fiber
- Low Residue (Fiber)
- Low Sodium
- Low Cholesterol
- Diabetic
- Renal
- Dysphagia
- Nursing Considerations
- Diet Education
2 mins
Dysphagia
- Etiology
- Neurological Disorders
- Muscular Disorders
- Structural Abnormalities
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
- Inflammatory Conditions
- Signs & Symptoms
- Difficulty Swallowing
- Choking or Coughing
- Regurgitation
- Diagnosis
- Clinical History and Physical Examination
- Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES)
- Videofluoroscopy (Modified Barium Swallow Study - MBSS)
- Interventions
- Treat Underlying Cause
- Therapy
- Dietary Modifications
- Medications
- Surgery
3 mins
Religion and Dietary Preferences Overview
- Buddhism
- Natural Foods of Earth
- Hinduism
- Cow is Sacred
- Islam (Muslim)
- Halal Foods
- No Alcohol
- Judaism
- Kosher Meals
- No Pork or Shellfish
- Mormonism (Latter Day Saints)
- The Word of Wisdom
1 min
Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)
- Mechanism
- Nutrition Given Outside GI
- Side Effects
- Hyperglycemia
- Hyperlipidemia
- Refeeding Syndrome
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Considerations
- Slow IV Infusion
- Use Large Central Vein
- No Added Meds to TPN Line
2 mins
Tyramine Containing Foods
- Aged Cheeses
- Pepperoni
- Pickled Foods
- Wine
49 secs
Food Allergies and Restrictions
- Gluten-Free
- Lactose-Free
- Plant-Based
- Diabetic and Sugar-Free
- Nut Allergy
- Soy Allergy
4 mins
Vitamin A (Retinol)
- Mechanism
- Maintains Mucous Membranes
- Eyes and Skin
- Indications
- Dietary Deficiency
- Skin Disorders
- Side Effects
- Hepatosplenomegaly
- Jaundice
- Increased ICP
- Vomiting
- Considerations
- Teratogen
- Animal Food Products
- Dark Green and Orange Fruits/Vegetables
2 mins
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
- Mechanism
- Carbohydrate Metabolism
- Indications
- Dietary Deficiency
- Beriberi
- Wernicke-Korsakoff
- Considerations
- Alcoholics Highest Risk
- Give Before Glucose
- Give IM or IV
- Enriched Whole Grains
- Pork
2 mins
Beriberi (Thiamine Deficiency)
- Mechanism
- Thiamine Deficiency
- Assessment
- Dry Beriberi
- Polyneuritis
- Muscle Wasting
- Wet Beriberi
- Dilated Cardiomyopathy
- Edema
2 mins
Vitamin B3 - Niacin (Nicotinic Acid)
- Mechanism
- Decreases Triglycerides
- Decreases LDL
- Increases HDL
- Indications
- Dyslipidemia
- Pellagra
- Diarrhea
- Dermatitis
- Dementia
- Side Effects
- Flushing
- GI Distress
- Hepatotoxicity
2 mins
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
- Mechanism
- Amino Acid and Protein Metabolism
- Heme Synthesis
- Neurotransmitters
- Indications
- Adjunct to Isoniazid
- Dietary Deficiency
- Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
- Side Effects
- Ataxia
- Peripheral Neuropathy
- Contraindications
- Levodopa
- Considerations
- Cereals and Meats
3 mins
Cobalamin (Vitamin B12)
- Mechanism
- Vitamin B12
- Indications
- Vitamin Deficiency
- Pernicious Anemia
- Side Effects
- Hypokalemia
- Arthralgia
- Dizziness
- Considerations
- IM Injection for Pernicious Anemia
- Never Give IV
2 mins
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
- Mechanism
- Antioxidant
- Collagen Formation
- Steroid Synthesis
- Indications
- Dietary Deficiency
- Scurvy
- Side Effects
- GI Distress
- Considerations
- Citrus Fruits
- May Improve Healing
2 mins
Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2)
- Mechanism
- Vitamin D2
- Indications
- Hypoparathyroidism
- Rickets
- Hypophosphatemia
- Side Effects
- Fatigue
- Constipation
- Hypercalcemia
- Kidney Stones
2 mins
Vitamin E (Alpha-tocopherol)
- Mechanism
- Antioxidant
- Indications
- Fat Malabsorption Syndrome
- Alpha-TTP Deficiency
- Side Effects
- Bleeding
- Considerations
- Increased Risk Hemorrhagic Stroke
- Limit Doses < 200 IU per Day
- Nuts and Whole Grains
- Vegetable Oils
2 mins
Vitamin K1 (Phytonadione)
- Mechanism
- Synthesizes Clotting Factors II, VII, IX, X
- Indications
- Hypoprothrombinemia
- Newborn Prophylaxis
- Bleeding from Warfarin Overdose
- Side Effects
- Shock
- Kernicterus
- Cardiac Arrest
- Considerations
- Bile Salts required for Intestinal Absorption
- Increased Risks with IV Administration
2 mins
Iron (Ferrous Sulfate)
- Mechanism
- Ferrous Salts
- Indications
- Anemia
- Side Effects
- GI Distress
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Dark Stools
- Considerations
- Take Between Meals
- Liquid can Stain Teeth
- Keep out of Reach from Children
- Caution with GI Disorders
- Avoid Antacids
3 mins
Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3)
- Mechanism
- Vitamin D3
- Indications
- Dietary Supplement
- Vitamin D Deficiency
- Side Effects
- Fatigue
- Constipation
- Hypercalcemia
- Kidney Stones
- Considerations
- More Effective Than Ergocalciferol
- Hypervitaminosis D
2 mins
Marasmus
- Deficiency of all Nutrients
- Body Weight < 60% of Normal
- Tissue and Muscle Wasting
- Loss of Subcutaneous Fat (Buttocks and Thighs)
- Variable Edema
2 mins
Kwashiorkor
- Protein Deficiency
- Swollen Belly
- MEALS
- Malnutrition
- Edema
- Anemia
- Liver Malfunction
- Skin Lesions
2 mins
Hypoglycemia Assessment
- Mechanism
- Too much insulin
- Decreased glucose
- Assessment
- < 70 mg/dL
- Change in LOC
- Lethargic
- Confusion and Irritability
- Tremors
- Diaphoresis
- Tachycardia
- Vision Changes
- Weakness
- Seizures
2 mins
Hypoglycemia Intervention
- Interventions
- Mild to Moderate Hypoglycemia
- Simple Carbohydrate (Oral Dextrose, Fruit Juice, Candies)
- Complex Carbohydrate (Whole Grains, Vegetables)
- Severe Hypoglycemia or Unconscious
- 50% Dextrose
- Glucagon
- Considerations
- Monitor Blood Glucose Q 10-15 Minutes
- Give Small Meal After Intervention
- Patient Education
- Hypoglycemia Prevention
- Encourage Self-Monitoring
3 mins
Hyperglycemia
- Mechanism
- Insulin Resistance
- Too Little Insulin/Medication
- Infection/Illness
- Corticosteroids
- Assessment
- Elevated Blood Glucose
- Polyphagia
- Polydipsia
- Polyuria
- Hypotension
- Fatigue/Drowsiness
1 min
Anorexia Nervosa Assessment
- Adolescent Girls
- Fear of Gaining Weight
- Assessment
- Excessive Dieting
- Distorted Body Image
- Decreased Bone Density
- Stress Fractures
- Lanugo
- Amenorrhea
- Anemia
- Diagnostic Criteria
- BMI < 18.5
3 mins
Bulimia Nervosa Assessment
- Assessment
- Normal Body Weight
- Binge and Purge
- Electrolyte Disturbances
- Alkalosis
- Hypokalemia
- Parotitis
- Enamel Erosion
- Russell's Sign
- Diagnosis
- Once Weekly For 3 Months
2 mins
Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa Interventions
- Interventions
- Build Trust
- Plan Caloric Intake
- Supervise Meals
- Supervise Elimination
- Encourage Liquids
- Daily Weights
- Use Matter-of-Fact Statements
- Give Feelings of Control
- Considerations
- Tube Feedings If Further Weight Loss
2 mins
Metabolic Syndrome
- Assessment
- Dyslipidemia
- Central Obesity
- Insulin Resistance
- Hypertension
- Increased C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
- Increased Fibrinogen
- Considerations
- Increased Risk Cardiovascular Disease
1 min
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