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Karch’s Focus on Nursing Pharmacology, 9th Ed., Tucker | Registered Nurse (RN) School Study Aid

Aminoglycoside Overview

End in "-mycin"

Gentamicin

Neomycin

Amikacin

Tobramycin

Streptomycin

Bactericidal

Severe Gram Negative Infections

Bowel Surgery Prep

1 min

Aminoglycoside Side Effects

Ototoxicity

Nephrotoxicity

Respiratory Paralysis

Pregnancy

Peak and Trough

Never Mix with Penicillin in Same IV

2 mins

Imipenem and Meropenem (Carbapenems)

Carbapenems

Broad-spectrum Antibiotic

Bactericidal

Gram Positive and Gram Negative Infections

GI Distress

Suprainfections

Seizures

Penicillin Allergy

IV or IM Route

Imipenem Combined with Cilastatin

3 mins

Antibiotics Overview

Cell Wall Inhibitors

Penicillins

Cephalosporins

Monobactams

Carbapenems (Imipenem & Meropenem)

Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors

Protein Synthesis Inhibitors

Aminoglycosides

Macrolides

Clindamycin

Tetracyclines

Linezolid

Chloramphenicol

Fluoroquinolones

Sulfonamides

4 mins

Cephalosporins

Starts with "Cef-"

Bactericidal

Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Infections

Allergic Reactions

Thrombophlebitis

Bleeding

Renal Impairment

Avoid IV Calcium with Ceftriaxone

No Alcohol

2 mins

Fluoroquinolones

End in "-floxacin"

Bactericidal

Variety of Infections

GI Distress

Photosensitivity

Achilles Tendon Rupture

Pregnancy

Children

Myasthenia Gravis

Avoid Milk Products or Antacids

Slow IV Infusion

2 mins

Fluoroquinolones Toxicities

Diarrhea

Skin Rash

Headache

Tendon Rupture in Adults

Myalgias in Kids

Damage to Cartilage

Teratogen

QT Prolongation

1 min

Penicillin

Weakens Cell Wall

Gram-Positive Infections

Prophylaxis

Pain at IM Injection Site

Allergic Reaction

Skin Tests

Allergy ID

Medication Education

2 mins

Sulfonamides

Bacteriostatic

Urinary Tract Infection

Crystalluria

Photosensitivity

Hemolytic Anemia

Kernicterus

Rash

Sulfa Allergy

Encourage Fluids

2 mins

Sulfonamides Side Effects

Hypersensitivity

Nephrotoxicity

Photosensitivity

Kernicterus in Infants

Displaces Warfarin from Albumin

Hemolysis with G6PD Deficiency

3 mins

Tetracycline Toxicities

Inhibition of Bone Growth in Children

Teratogen

Discoloration of Teeth

Photosensitivity

GI Distress

2 mins

Tetracyclines Overview

End in "-cycline"

Bacteriostatic

Infectious Diseases

Acne

Periodontal Disease

Avoid Milk, Antacids, Iron

Sunlight Protection

1 min

Tetracyclines Side Effects

Superinfection

Clostridioides difficile

Discoloration of Teeth

Bone Deformities

Photosensitivity

Children Under 8

Pregnancy

1 min

Ethambutol

Bacteriostatic

Blocks Arabinosyltransferase

Arabinosyltransferase Polymerizes Carbohydrates

Carbohydrate Polymers Make Mycobacterium TB Cell Wall

Red/Green Color Blindness

Reversible with Drug Discontinuation

40 secs

Isoniazid

Tuberculosis (TB)

Requires Catalase Peroxidase

Decreases Mycolic Acid Synthesis

Fast vs Slow Acetylators

B6 Deficiency

Neurotoxicity

Hepatotoxicity

Drug-induced Lupus

1 min

Isoniazid (INH)

Interferes with DNA Metabolism

Tuberculosis (TB)

Optic Neuritis

Nausea and Vomiting

Hepatotoxicity

Peripheral Neuropathy

Vitamin B6 Prophylaxis

Monitor AST/ALT

2 mins

Clindamycin

Bacteriostatic

Binds 50S Ribosomal Subunit

Gram-Positive Infections

Anaerobic Infections

Rash

Pseudomembranous Colitis

C. Difficile (Associated Diarrhea)

Arrhythmias

Blood Dyscrasias

Monitor for Diarrhea

3 mins

Linezolid (Zyvox)

Oxazolidinone Antibiotic

Binds 23S rRNA of 50S Subunit

Inhibits Protein Synthesis

Gram-Positive Organisms

MRSA

VRE (Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci)

Bone Marrow Suppression

Decreased Platelet Count

Peripheral Neuropathy

Lactic Acidosis

Serotonin Syndrome

Avoid Tyramine Containing Foods

4 mins

Macrolides

Bacteriostatic

Bind to 23S rRNA of 50S Subunit

Inhibit Protein Synthesis by Blocking Translocation

Erythromycin

Azithromycin

Clarithromycin

Gram-Positive Cocci

Atypical Pneumonia

Chlamydia

Resistance by Methylation of 23S rRNA Binding

2 mins

Macrolides Side Effects

Diarrhea

Prolonged QT Interval

P450 Inhibitor

Cholestatic Hepatitis

Skin Rash

Eosinophilia

3 mins

Macrolides

End in "-thromycin"

Bacteriostatic

Alternative for Penicillin Allergy

Respiratory Infections

Pneumonia

QT Prolongation and Sudden Death

C.Diff Overgrowth

GI Distress

Slow IV Infusion

2 mins

P450 Inhibitors

Quinidine

Ciprofloxacin

Isoniazid

Grapefruit Juice

Acute Alcohol Use

Erythromycin (Macrolide)

Indinavir

Cimetidine

Sulfonamides

Ketoconazole

Amiodarone

2 mins

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