Maternity and Women's Health Care, 11th Ed., Lowerdermilk, Perry, Cashion & Aldon, 2016 | Registered Nurse (RN) School Study Aid
Lab and Diagnostic Tests During Pregnancy
- Complete Blood Cell Count
- Blood Typing
- Rubella Titer
- Hepatitis B
- HIV Testing
- Urinalysis
- Diabetes
- Pap Smears
Hemoglobin (Hgb) Lab Values
- Men: 13 - 17 g/dL
- Women: 12 - 16 g/dL
Creatinine Lab Values
- Measures Renal Function
- 0.6 - 1.3 mg/dL
Hypertension Assessment
- Essential Hypertension
- Secondary Hypertension
- Headache
- Vision Changes
- Nosebleed (Epistaxis)
- Chest Pain
- Syncope (Fainting)
- Average 2 Sets, 2 Minutes Apart
- After 2 or More Visits (within 1-4 weeks)
- Take BP Both Arms
- Common in African Americans
Preeclampsia Assessment
- After 20 Weeks of Pregnancy
- Hypertension > 140/90
- Proteinuria or End-Organ Dysfunction
- Hypertension > 160/110
- Progressive Renal Insufficiency
- Vision Changes
- HELLP Syndrome
- Pulmonary Edema
Eclampsia
- Increased Central Nervous System Irritability
- Hyperreflexia
- Positive Ankle Clonus
- Headaches
- Visual Disturbances
- Epigastric or RUQ Pain
- Seizures
- Coma
- Don't Leave Bedside
- Magnesium Sulfate
Liver Enzyme Tests: AST and ALT
- AST/ALT Ratio
- AST: 8-20 U/L
- ALT: 8-20 U/L
PT/PTT Lab Values
- Prothrombin Time (PT)
- 10-14 seconds
- Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT or aPTT)
- 25-35 seconds
Hypertension Intervention
- Weight Reduction and Exercise
- Diet Changes
- Relaxation Techniques
- Smoking Cessation
- Medications
- Encourage Self Monitoring
Preeclampsia Interventions
- Side Lying Position and Bedrest
- Antihypertensives
- Magnesium Sulfate
- Labor Induction
Severe Preeclampsia
- Vasospasm and Decreased Organ Perfusion
- Intravascular Coagulation
- Increased Permeability and Capillary Leakage
- Hypertension
- Proteinuria or End-Organ Dysfunction
- Hepatic Dysfunction and Hemolysis
- Elevated Liver Enzymes
- Low Platelet Counts
Magnesium Sulfate
- Muscle Relaxant
- Preterm Labor Contractions
- Preeclampsia
- Warm Feeling
- Hypotension
- Decreased Deep Tendon Reflexes (DTRS)
- Decreased Respiratory Rate
- Decreased Urine Output
- Paralytic Ileus
- Calcium Gluconate
Hydralazine (Apresoline)
- Severe Hypertension
- CHF
- Reduced Afterload
- Pregnancy
- Vasodilates Arterioles
- Drug-induced Lupus
- Reflex Tachycardia
- Hypotension
- Combined with Diuretic and Beta Blocker
Hypertension Medications
- Diuretics
- ACE Inhibitors
- Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
- Beta Blockers
- Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blockers
Calcium Channel Blockers (Verapamil and Diltiazem)
- Slows AV Conduction
- Angina Pectoris
- Arrhythmias
- Essential Hypertension
- Bradycardia
- Hypotension
- Constipation
- Peripheral Edema
- Gingival Hyperplasia
- Medication Education
Beta Blockers
- "-olol" suffix
- Decreases Heart Rate and Contractility
- Decreases Peripheral Vascular Resistance
- Decreases Renin Release
- Hypertension
- Heart Failure
- Angina Pectoris
- Asthma and Heart Block Patients
- Assess Blood Pressure and Heart Rate
- Masking Signs of Hypoglycemia
- Do Not Stop Abruptly