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Medical-Surgical Nursing, 10th Ed., Ignatavicius & Workman, 2020 | Registered Nurse (RN) School Study Aid

Low Blood Pressure Response

Posterior Pituitary Releases Vasopressin

Vasoconstriction

Adrenal Cortex Releases Aldosterone

Increased Na+ and H2O Reabsorption

1 min

Anterior Pituitary

Hypothalamic Control

FLAT PeG Mnemonic

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Lutenizing Hormone (LH)

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Prolactin (PRL)

Growth Hormone (GH)

2 mins

Posterior Pituitary

Neuroendocrine Reflex Stimulation (By Hypothalamus)

Vasopressin

Increased Water Retention (In Kidneys)

Oxytocin

Increased Uterine Contraction

Mammary Glands Contraction

2 mins

Sheehan's Syndrome

Postpartum Pituitary Gland Necrosis

Agalactorrhea

Amenorrhea

Secondary Hypothyroidism with Cold Intolerance

1 min

Acromegaly Assessment

Excess Growth Hormone (GH)

Protruding Jaw

Large Lips and Nose

Hearing Loss

Enlargement of Hands and Feet

Vision Changes and Headache

Joint Pain

Peripheral Neuropathy

Hyperglycemia

2 mins

Parkinson's Drugs

Decreased Dopamine

Increased Acetylcholine

BALSA Acronym

Bromocriptine

Amantadine

Levodopa

Selegiline

Antimuscarinics

2 mins

Diabetes Insipidus Assessment

Polyuria

Nocturia

Low Specific Gravity (USG)

Polydipsia

Dehydration

Hypotension

Tachycardia

Confusion

2 mins

Syndrome Of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)

Hypersecretion of ADH

Increased Sensitivity to ADH

Serum Hypoosmolality

Coma and Seizure

Dilutional Hyponatremia

Cramps and Tremors

Euvolemia

Change in LOC

2 mins

Hyponatremia

< 135 mEq Na+

Nausea and Vomiting

Decreased LOC

Confusion / Lethargy

Seizures

Assess Airway

Reduce Diuretic Dosage

Mannitol (Osmitrol)

Fluid Restriction

Hypertonic Solution (3% or 5% NaCl)

2 mins

Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) Nonpharmacologic Interventions

Monitor Serum and Urine Osmolality

IandOs with Daily Weights

Restrict Fluid Intake

Monitor Cardiovascular and Neurological Status

Seizure Precautions

2 mins

Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) Pharmacologic Interventions

Diuretics

Hypertonic IV Fluids

Demeclocycline

Tolvaptan and Conivaptan

1 min

Adrenal Gland (Basic)

Adrenal Cortex

RAAS Stimulates Aldosterone

CRF (CRH) acts on Anterior Pituitary Gland to Release ACTH

Cortisol Released

Androgens Released

Adrenal Medulla

Epinephrine & Norepinephrine

2 mins

Adrenal Gland (Advanced)

Adrenal Cortex

Zona Glomerulosa

Aldosterone

Zona Fasciculata

Cortisol

Zona Reticularis

Androgens

Adrenal Medulla

Chromaffin Cells

Epinephrine & Norepinephrine

2 mins

Addisonian Crisis

Severe Symptoms

Shock

High-Dose Hydrocortisone

Large Volumes of IV Fluid

Insulin with Dextrose

Kayexalate

Loop or Thiazide Diuretics

2 mins

Hypoglycemia Intervention

Mild to Moderate Hypoglycemia

Simple Carbohydrate (Oral Dextrose, Fruit Juice, Candies)

Complex Carbohydrate (Whole Grains, Vegetables)

Severe Hypoglycemia or Unconscious

50% Dextrose

Glucagon

Monitor Blood Glucose Q 10-15 Minutes

Give Small Meal After Intervention

Hypoglycemia Prevention

Encourage Self-Monitoring

3 mins

Addison's Disease Assessment

Deficiency of Cortisol and Aldosterone

Irritability

Hyperkalemia

Muscle Weakness

Skin Hyperpigmentation

Hyponatremia

Hypotension

Hypoglycemia

Addisonian Crisis

2 mins

Addison's Disease Intervention

Hydrocortisone

2/3 Dose in Morning

1/3 Dose in Late Afternoon

Fludrocortisone

Androgen Replacement Therapy

Salt Additives

Increase Dosage During Stress and Infection

Medic Alert Bracelet

Lifelong Hormone Therapy

2 mins

Hyperkalemia

> 5.0 mEq/L K+

Abdominal Cramps

Muscle Weakness

Diarrhea

Arrhythmia

Tall, Peaked T Waves

IV Calcium

Infusion of Glucose and Insulin

Loop or Thiazide Diuretics

Kayexalate

Dialysis

Prevention Education

2 mins

Cushing's Syndrome Assessment

Increased Cortisol Levels

Truncal Obesity

Purple Abdominal Striae

Buffalo Hump

Decreased Bone Density

Moon Face

Thinning Skin

Hyperglycemia

Hypertension

Long Term Glucocorticoid Use

Immunosuppression

2 mins

Spironolactone (Aldactone)

Inhibition of Aldosterone

Potassium Retention

Hypertension

Edema

Heart Failure

Hyperkalemia

Endocrine Effects

Avoid Potassium Supplements

2 mins

Pheochromocytoma

Adrenal Medulla Tumor

Increased Catecholamines

Episodic Hypertension

Diaphoresis

Abdominal or Chest Pain

Surgery

Antihypertensives

Phenoxybenzamine

Metyrosine (Demser)

Do Not Palpate Abdomen

3 mins

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