Medical-Surgical Nursing, 10th Ed., Lewis, Dirksen, Heitkemper & Bucher | Registered Nurse (RN) School Study Aid
Beta-1 Receptor
- Gs Protein Class
- Increased Heart Rate
- Increased Contractility
- Increase Renin Release
- Increased Lipolysis
Beta-2 Receptor
- Gs Protein Class
- Increased Heart Rate
- Increased Contractility
- Bronchodilation
- Increased Lipolysis
- Increased Insulin
- Increased Glycogenolysis
- Increased Cellular Potassium Uptake
- Increased Aqueous Humor Production
- Vasodilation
- Decrease Uterine Tone
Adrenal Gland (Basic)
- Adrenal Cortex
- RAAS Stimulates Aldosterone
- CRF (CRH) acts on Anterior Pituitary Gland to Release ACTH
- Cortisol Released
- Androgens Released
- Adrenal Medulla
- Epinephrine & Norepinephrine
Low Blood Pressure Response
- Posterior Pituitary Releases Vasopressin
- Vasoconstriction
- Adrenal Cortex Releases Aldosterone
- Increased Na+ and H2O Reabsorption
High Blood Pressure Response
- Atria Release Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
- Vasodilation
- Antagonizes Aldosterone
- Na+ and Water Excreted
Alpha 2 Receptor
- Gi Subunit
- Decrease Sympathetic Outflow
- Decrease Insulin Release
- Decrease Lipolysis
- Increase Platelet Aggregation
- Decrease Aqueous Humor Production
Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
- Alpha and Beta Agonist
- Anaphylaxis
- Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG)
- Bleeding
- Cardiac Arrest
- Tachycardia
- Hypertension
- Tremors
- Insomnia
- Multiple Strengths
Alpha 1 Receptor
- Gq Subunit
- Increase Vascular Smooth Muscle Contraction
- Increase Pupillary Dilator Muscle Contraction
- Increase Intestinal and Bladder Sphincter Muscle Contraction
Hypertension Assessment
- Essential Hypertension
- Secondary Hypertension
- Headache
- Vision Changes
- Nosebleed (Epistaxis)
- Chest Pain
- Syncope (Fainting)
- Average 2 Sets, 2 Minutes Apart
- After 2 or More Visits (within 1-4 weeks)
- Take BP Both Arms
- Common in African Americans
Primary Hypertension Risk Factors
- Excessive Alcohol Consumption
- High Sodium Diet
- Dyslipidemia
- Obesity
- People of African Descent
- Advanced Age
- Vitamin D Deficiency
- Reduced Nephron Number
- Diabetes
- Lack of Physical Activity
Blood Pressure Classification (JNC 7)
- Normal
- Systolic (<120)
- Diastolic (< 80)
- Prehypertension
- Systolic +20 (120-139)
- Diastolic +10 (80-89)
- Stage 1 Hypertension
- Systolic +20 (140-159)
- Diastolic +10 (90-99)
- Stage 2 Hypertension
- Systolic + > 20 (160)
- Diastolic + > 10 (100)
- Hypertensive Crisis
- Systolic > 180
- Diastolic > 110
Hypertension Intervention
- Weight Reduction and Exercise
- Diet Changes
- Relaxation Techniques
- Smoking Cessation
- Medications
- Encourage Self Monitoring
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors
- "-pril" Suffix
- Block Renin Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)
- Hypertension
- Heart Failure
- Dry Non-productive Cough
- Hypotension
- Dizziness
- Possible Hyperkalemia
- Angioedema
- Slowly Change Position
- Do Not Stop Abruptly
Hypertension Medications
- Diuretics
- ACE Inhibitors
- Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
- Beta Blockers
- Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blockers
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
- Ends in "-sartan"
- Blocks Angiotensin II Receptor
- Hypertension
- Angioedema
- Renal Artery Stenosis
- Pregnancy
Calcium Channel Blockers (Verapamil and Diltiazem)
- Slows AV Conduction
- Angina Pectoris
- Arrhythmias
- Essential Hypertension
- Bradycardia
- Hypotension
- Constipation
- Peripheral Edema
- Gingival Hyperplasia
- Medication Education
Loop Diuretics
- Thick Ascending Limb of Loop of Henle
- Inhibits Na+-K+-2Cl-
- Sulfa Drug
- Furosemide
- Lasix
- Ototoxicity from Rapid Injection
- Gout
- Dehydration
- Hypocalcemia
- Hypokalemia
- Orthostatic Hypotension
Spironolactone (Aldactone)
- Inhibition of Aldosterone
- Potassium Retention
- Hypertension
- Edema
- Heart Failure
- Hyperkalemia
- Endocrine Effects
- Avoid Potassium Supplements
Beta Blockers
- "-olol" suffix
- Decreases Heart Rate and Contractility
- Decreases Peripheral Vascular Resistance
- Decreases Renin Release
- Hypertension
- Heart Failure
- Angina Pectoris
- Asthma and Heart Block Patients
- Assess Blood Pressure and Heart Rate
- Masking Signs of Hypoglycemia
- Do Not Stop Abruptly
Hydrochlorothiazide HCTZ
- Inhibits Reabsorption NaCl and H2O
- Edema
- Mild to Moderate Hypertension
- Hypokalemia
- Hyponatremia
- Dehydration
- Hyperglycemia
- Gout
- Sulfa Allergy
- Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
Prazosin (Minipress)
- -osin suffix
- Selective Alpha-1 Receptor Blocker
- Hypertension
- Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
- Nightmares
- Orthostatic Hypotension
- Tachycardia
- Priapism / Inhibition of Ejaculation
- Nasal Congestion
- First Dose Effect
- Administer at Bedtime
Cardiovascular Effects of Beta-Blockers
- Cardiac Myocytes and Vasculature
- Decrease cAMP
- Decreases SA and AV Node Conduction Velocity
- Lower Blood Pressure
- Decrease O2 Consumption
- Decreases Mortality Post-MI
Loop Diuretic Education
- Furosemide (Lasix)
- Heart Failure
- Pulmonary Edema
- Acute Renal Failure (ARF)
- Edema
- Notify the provider of weakness, dizziness, or muscle cramping
- Increase Potassium Intake
- Check BP Daily
- Daily Weights and Monitor IandOs
Nitroglycerin
- Decreases Preload
- Angina
- Up to 3 doses q 5 mins
- Headache
- Hypotension
- Viagra (Sildenafil)
- Assess Blood Pressure
- Protect From Light
- Use Glass Bottle and Special Tubing
- Gloves for Applying Topically
Minoxidil (Loniten, Rogaine)
- Vasodilates Arterioles
- Severe Hypertension
- Baldness
- Reflex Tachycardia
- Blood Volume Expansion
- Hypertrichosis
- Pericardial Effusion
- Rash
- Give with Beta Blocker and Diuretic
Hydralazine (Apresoline)
- Severe Hypertension
- CHF
- Reduced Afterload
- Pregnancy
- Vasodilates Arterioles
- Drug-induced Lupus
- Reflex Tachycardia
- Hypotension
- Combined with Diuretic and Beta Blocker
Nitroprusside
- Direct Release of NO
- Increase cGMP
- Short Half-Life
- Malignant Hypertension
- Cyanide Toxicity
NSAIDs
- Anti-inflammatory
- Analgesic
- Fever
- Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus
- Reversible Inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2
- Block Prostaglandin Synthesis
- Interstitial Nephritis
- Gastric Ulcer
- Renal Ischemia
Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)
- NSAID
- COX Inhibitor
- General Pain
- Fever
- Inflammatory Conditions
- GI Ulcers
- Nephrotoxicity
- Rash
- Avoid with Alcohol
- Risk of Thrombotic Event