Medical-Surgical Nursing, 8th Ed., Ignatavicius & Workman, 2015 | Registered Nurse (RN) School Study Aid
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
- -statin Suffix
- HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
- High Cholesterol
- Hepatotoxicity
- Rash
- Rhabdomyolysis
- Myopathy
- Monitor Liver Enzymes
- Administer at Bedtime
- Avoid Grapefruit
Ezetimibe
- Hyperlipidemia
- Cholesterol Absorption Blocker
- Decreases LDL
- Diarrhea
- Increased LFT Values
Bile Acid Resins
- Hyperlipidemia
- Bile Acid Reabsorption Prevented
- Slight Increase HDL/Triglycerides
- Decrease LDL
- Colestipol (Colestid)
- Cholestyramine
- Colesevelam
- Cholesterol Gallstones
- Decreased Absorption of Fat-soluble Vitamins
- Patients Hate It
Hypertension Assessment
- Essential Hypertension
- Secondary Hypertension
- Headache
- Vision Changes
- Nosebleed (Epistaxis)
- Chest Pain
- Syncope (Fainting)
- Average 2 Sets, 2 Minutes Apart
- After 2 or More Visits (within 1-4 weeks)
- Take BP Both Arms
- Common in African Americans
Vitamin B3 - Niacin (Nicotinic Acid)
- Decreases Triglycerides
- Decreases LDL
- Increases HDL
- Dyslipidemia
- Pellagra
- Diarrhea
- Dermatitis
- Dementia
- Flushing
- GI Distress
- Hepatotoxicity
Low Blood Pressure Response
- Posterior Pituitary Releases Vasopressin
- Vasoconstriction
- Adrenal Cortex Releases Aldosterone
- Increased Na+ and H2O Reabsorption
High Blood Pressure Response
- Atria Release Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
- Vasodilation
- Antagonizes Aldosterone
- Na+ and Water Excreted
Hypertension Intervention
- Weight Reduction and Exercise
- Diet Changes
- Relaxation Techniques
- Smoking Cessation
- Medications
- Encourage Self Monitoring
Loop Diuretics
- Thick Ascending Limb of Loop of Henle
- Inhibits Na+-K+-2Cl-
- Sulfa Drug
- Furosemide
- Lasix
- Ototoxicity from Rapid Injection
- Gout
- Dehydration
- Hypocalcemia
- Hypokalemia
- Orthostatic Hypotension
Loop Diuretic Education
- Furosemide (Lasix)
- Heart Failure
- Pulmonary Edema
- Acute Renal Failure (ARF)
- Edema
- Notify the provider of weakness, dizziness, or muscle cramping
- Increase Potassium Intake
- Check BP Daily
- Daily Weights and Monitor IandOs
Beta Blockers
- "-olol" suffix
- Decreases Heart Rate and Contractility
- Decreases Peripheral Vascular Resistance
- Decreases Renin Release
- Hypertension
- Heart Failure
- Angina Pectoris
- Asthma and Heart Block Patients
- Assess Blood Pressure and Heart Rate
- Masking Signs of Hypoglycemia
- Do Not Stop Abruptly
Hydrochlorothiazide HCTZ
- Inhibits Reabsorption NaCl and H2O
- Edema
- Mild to Moderate Hypertension
- Hypokalemia
- Hyponatremia
- Dehydration
- Hyperglycemia
- Gout
- Sulfa Allergy
- Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors
- "-pril" Suffix
- Block Renin Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)
- Hypertension
- Heart Failure
- Dry Non-productive Cough
- Hypotension
- Dizziness
- Possible Hyperkalemia
- Angioedema
- Slowly Change Position
- Do Not Stop Abruptly
Calcium Channel Blockers (Verapamil and Diltiazem)
- Slows AV Conduction
- Angina Pectoris
- Arrhythmias
- Essential Hypertension
- Bradycardia
- Hypotension
- Constipation
- Peripheral Edema
- Gingival Hyperplasia
- Medication Education
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
- Ends in "-sartan"
- Blocks Angiotensin II Receptor
- Hypertension
- Angioedema
- Renal Artery Stenosis
- Pregnancy
Spironolactone (Aldactone)
- Inhibition of Aldosterone
- Potassium Retention
- Hypertension
- Edema
- Heart Failure
- Hyperkalemia
- Endocrine Effects
- Avoid Potassium Supplements
Hypertension Medications
- Diuretics
- ACE Inhibitors
- Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
- Beta Blockers
- Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blockers
Systemic Effects of Beta-Blockers
- Respiratory
- Bronchoconstriction
- Metabolic
- Decreased Insulin
- Decreased Glycolysis and Lipolysis
- Eye
- Reduces Intraocular Pressure
Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)
- Atherosclerosis
- Intermittent Claudication
- Pain with Exercise
- Paresthesias
- Arterial Ulcers
- Critical Limb Ischemia
- Amputation
- Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI)
Arterial Ulcer Assessment
- Absent or Decreased Pulses
- Intermittent Claudication
- Sharp Pain
- Dependent Rubor
- Well Defined Edges
- Over Bony Areas
- Smooth, Shiny Skin
- Toes, Heels, Lateral Lower Legs
- Cool
Arterial Ulcer Interventions
- Saline Dressing
- Structured Exercise Programs
- Fibrinolytics
- Antiplatelet Medication
- No Caffeine, Nicotine
- Surgery
Chronic Venous Insufficiency (Venous Stasis Ulcer) Assessment
- Venous Stasis Ulcer
- Uneven Edges
- Dull Persistent Pain
- Medial Malleolus
- Necrotic
- Normal Pulses
- Lower Leg Edema
- Bronze-Brown Pigmentation
- Warm
- Pruritus
Chronic Venous Insufficiency (Venous Stasis Ulcer) Interventions
- Frequently Elevate Legs
- Avoid Standing/Sitting for Long Periods of Time
- Elastic Compression Stockings
- Bilayer Artificial Skin
- Daflon
- Wound Dressings
- Proper Foot and Leg Care
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) Assessment
- Atherosclerosis
- Bruit
- Pulsation in Abdomen
- Abdominal or Lower Back Pain
- Tearing Pain
- Ultrasound
- Rupture
- Shock
- Surgical Repair
Venous Thromboembolism (DVT) Assessment
- Venous Wall Inflammation caused by Thrombus
- Tenderness
- Edema
- Warmth
- Asymmetry
- Could be Asymptomatic
- Monitor for Pulmonary Embolism
Venous Thromboembolism (DVT) Interventions
- Anticoagulants
- Prevention Education
- Frequent Ambulation
- Leg Exercises
- Compression Stockings or SCD's
- Avoid Nicotine and Oral Contraceptives
- Surgery
Warfarin (Coumadin)
- Inhibits Clotting Factors
- Atrial Fibrillation
- Venous Thrombosis
- Pulmonary Embolism
- PT/INR Levels
- Observe for Bleeding
- Pregnancy
- Vitamin K and Fresh Frozen Plasma
- Prolonged Therapeutic Onset
- Maintain Same Diet
Varicose Veins Assessment
- Increased Venous Pressure
- Incompetent Valves
- Telangiectasias
- Small Reticular Veins
- Dilated and Tortuous Veins
Varicose Veins Interventions
- Laser Therapy
- Sclerotherapy
- Removal of Saphenous Vein
- Avoid Prolonged Standing
- Elastic Compression Stockings