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Pharmacotherapeutics for Advanced Nursing Practice, 1st. Ed., Demler & Rhoads, 2018
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Antimycobacterial Agents

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Pharmacotherapeutics for Advanced Nursing Practice, 1st. Ed., Demler & Rhoads, 2018 | Registered Nurse (RN) School Study Aid

Antimycobacterial Agents
9 Picmonics to Learn | 16 mins
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Disease
CONSTITUTIONAL SYMPTOMS/PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
Fever
Night Sweats
Weight Loss
Hemoptysis
EXTRA-PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
Extrapulmonary Disease
Addison's Disease
CNS
Liver
Kidneys
GI
Bones
Pott's Disease
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3 mins
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Characteristics
Characteristics
Mycolic Acid Cell Wall
Acid-fast
Carbolfuchsin Stain Red
Lowenstein-Jensen Agar
Serpentine Cord Factor
Primary TB
Primary TB
Caseating Granuloma
Ghon Focus
Hilar Lymph Nodes
Ghon Complex
Reactivation TB
Reactivation TB
Reactivation in Apex
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3 mins
Tuberculosis Skin Mantoux Test (PPD)
Delayed Hypersensitivity (Cell Mediated Response)
Intradermal Injection
Read 48-72 hours
Positive Results
≥ 5 mm Induration
Immunosuppressed
≥ 10 mm Induration
High Risk Patients
≥ 15 mm Induration
Considerations
Chest X-Ray
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3 mins
Ethambutol
Mechanism of Action
Bacteriostatic
Blocks Arabinosyltransferase
Arabinosyltransferase Polymerizes Carbohydrates
Carbohydrate Polymers Make Mycobacterium TB Cell Wall
Side Effects
Red/Green Color Blindness
Reversible with Drug Discontinuation
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40 secs
Isoniazid
Indications
Tuberculosis (TB)
Mechanism of Action
Requires Catalase Peroxidase
Decreases Mycolic Acid Synthesis
Fast vs Slow Acetylators
Side Effects
B6 Deficiency
Neurotoxicity
Hepatotoxicity
Drug-induced Lupus
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1 min
Rifampin
Tuberculosis (TB)
Blocks RNA Polymerization
Haemophilus influenzae Type B
Leprosy
Meningitis
P450 inducer
Red-orange urine
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55 secs
Aminoglycoside Overview
End in "-mycin"
GNATS
Gentamicin
Neomycin
Amikacin
Tobramycin
Streptomycin
Mechanism of Action
Bactericidal
Indications
Severe Gram Negative Infections
Bowel Surgery Prep
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1 min
Fluoroquinolones
End in "-floxacin"
Mechanism of Action
Bactericidal
Indications
Variety of Infections
Side Effects
GI Distress
Photosensitivity
Achilles Tendon Rupture
Contraindications
Pregnancy
Children
Myasthenia Gravis
Considerations
Avoid Milk Products or Antacids
Slow IV Infusion
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2 mins
Macrolides
Mechanism of Action
Bacteriostatic
Bind to 23S rRNA of 50S Subunit
Inhibit Protein Synthesis by Blocking Translocation
Macrolides
Erythromycin
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Indications
Gram-Positive Cocci
Atypical Pneumonia
Chlamydia
Considerations
Resistance by Methylation of 23S rRNA Binding
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2 mins

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