Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Assessment
- Relaxed Lower Esophageal Sphincter
- Dyspepsia (Indigestion)
- Belching
- Nighttime Coughing
- Dysphagia
- Epigastric Pain
- Regurgitation
- Heartburn (Pyrosis)
- Globus
Barrett's Esophagus
- Metaplasia in Lower Esophagus
- Columnar Epithelium
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
- Esophagitis
- Esophageal Ulcers
- Increased Risk of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
Mallory-Weiss
- Bleeding From Tears in Mucosa
- Forceful Vomiting
- Alcoholism
- Eating Disorders (Bulimia)
- Painful Hematemesis
- Endoscopy
- Observation
Boerhaave Syndrome
- Esophageal Rupture
- Increased Esophageal Pressure while Vomiting
- Lower 1/3 of Esophagus
- Chest Pain
- Odynophagia
- Subcutaneous Emphysema
- Shock
- Surgical Emergency
Tracheoesophageal Fistula (TEF)
- Esophageal Atresia
- Ends in Blind Pouch
- Coughing
- Choking
- Cyanosis
- Drooling
- NPO
- Surgical Emergency
- Aspiration Pneumonia
Achalasia
- Failure to Relax Lower Esophageal Sphincter
- Malignancies
- Chagas Disease
- Loss of Auerbach Plexus
- Dysphagia to Solids & Liquids
- Barium Swallow
- Bird's Beak Appearance
- Manometry
- Increased Risk Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Zenker Diverticulum
- False Diverticulum
- Junction of Pharynx and Esophagus
- Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor
- Dysphagia
- Regurgitation of Undigested Food
- Halitosis
- Barium Swallow
- Surgical Repair
Plummer-Vinson Syndrome
- Dysphagia
- Esophageal Webs
- Glossitis
- Iron Deficiency Anemia
- Squamous Cell Cancer of Esophagus
Esophageal Perforation
- Iatrogenic
- Inflammation
- Trauma
- Boerhaave Syndrome
- Retrosternal Pain
- Subcutaneous Emphysema
- Pneumomediastinum
- Chest X-Ray
- Esophagram
- Computed Tomography
- ABCs (Airway, Breathing, Circulation)
- Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics
- Surgical Repair
Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Risk Factors and Presentation
- Most Common Esophageal Cancer Worldwide
- Upper 2/3 of Esophagus
- Plummer-Vinson Syndrome
- Alcohol
- Smoking
- Poor Diet
- Achalasia
- Progressive Dysphagia
- Weight Loss
- Anemia
Eosinophilic Esophagitis
- History of Atopic Disease
- Dysphagia
- Endoscopy with Biopsy
- Eosinophilic Infiltrate
- Unresponsive to GERD Therapy
- Elimination Diet
- Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)
- Topical Glucocorticoids
Esophageal Varices
- Cirrhosis
- Portal Hypertension
- Left Gastric Vein and Esophageal Veins
- Hematemesis
- Melena
- Hypotension
- IV Fluids
- Antibiotics
- Octreotide
- Endoscopic Band Ligation or Sclerotherapy
- Balloon Tamponade
- Nonselective Beta Blockers
- Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS)
Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Characteristics and Presentation
- Most Common Esophageal Cancer in USA
- Lower 1/3 of Esophagus
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
- Barrett's Esophagus
- Achalasia
- Obesity
- Smoking
- Weight Loss
- Progressive Dysphagia
- Anemia
Dysphagia
- Neurological Disorders
- Muscular Disorders
- Structural Abnormalities
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
- Inflammatory Conditions
- Difficulty Swallowing
- Choking or Coughing
- Regurgitation
- Clinical History and Physical Examination
- Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES)
- Videofluoroscopy (Modified Barium Swallow Study - MBSS)
- Treat Underlying Cause
- Therapy
- Dietary Modifications
- Medications
- Surgery
Sialolithiasis
- Stone Formation
- Ducts of Major Salivary Glands
- Recurrent Periprandial Pain
- Swelling
- Trouble Swallowing
- Dehydration
- Smoking Tobacco
- Trauma
- NSAIDs
- Stimulation of Salivary Flow
- Antibiotics
- Surgery