How to Interpret Acid Base Disorders
- pH, pCO2, HCO3 (Bicarbonate)
- pH
- Acidosis
- Alkalosis
- pCO2
- Opposite Direction As pH
- Respiratory Acidosis
- Respiratory Alkalosis
- HCO3 (Bicarbonate)
- Same Direction As pH
- Metabolic Acidosis
- Metabolic Alkalosis
Respiratory Acidosis Assessment
- Decreased pH < 7.35
- Increased PaCO2 > 45
- Reduced Respirations
- Anxiety
- Change in LOC
- Tachycardia
- Cyanosis
- Increased Electrolytes
- ECG Changes
- Muscle Weakness
- Hyporeflexia
Respiratory Alkalosis Assessment
- Increased pH > 7.45
- Decreased PaCO2 < 35 mmHg
- Hyperventilation
- Brainstem Stimulation
- Head Injury
- Shock
- Lightheadedness
- Tingling Lips or Fingers
- Trousseau's
- Chvostek's Sign
- Anxiety
Metabolic Alkalosis Assessment
- Increased pH > 7.45
- Increased HCO3 > 26
- Excitable State
- Arrhythmias
- Paresthesias
- Muscle Cramps
- Muscle Weakness
- Decreased Respiratory Effort
Metabolic Acidosis Assessment
- Decreased pH < 7.35
- Decreased HCO3 < 22
- Abdominal Pain
- CNS Depression
- Coma
- Hypotension
- Arrhythmias
- Increased Respirations
- Kussmaul Respirations
- Flushed, Warm, Dry Skin
- Muscle Weakness