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First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 (2021)
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Page 141 -

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First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 (2021) | Physician Assistant (PA) School Study Aid

Page 141 -
20 Picmonics to Learn | 47 mins
Mycobacterium leprae
Characteristics
Acid-Fast
Aerobic
Likes Cool Temperature
Diagnosis by Skin Biopsy or PCR
Lepromatous Leprosy
Th2 Response
Leonine Facies
Tuberculoid Leprosy
TH1 Response
Hypoesthetic Skin Plaques
Granulomatous Response
Treatment
Dapsone
Rifampin
Clofazimine
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2 mins
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Characteristics
Characteristics
Gram Negative
Diplococci
Chocolate Agar
Thayer-Martin Media
VPN
Oxidase Positive
Glucose Fermenting
Pilus
Opa Surface Protein
Rapid Antigenic Variation
IgA Protease
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2 mins
Moraxella catarrhalis
Characteristics
Gram-Negative
Diplococci
Oxidase-positive
Catalase-positive
Associated Infections
Otitis Media
Sinusitis
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Bronchitis
Laryngitis
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2 mins
Neisseria Meningitidis
Characteristics
Gram-Negative
Diplococci
Chocolate Agar
Thayer-Martin Media
VPN
Oxidase-Positive
Maltose Fermentation
Glucose Fermentation
Endotoxin
Lipooligosaccharide (LOS) in Membrane
Polysaccharide Capsule
IgA Protease
Disease
Waterhouse Friderichsen Syndrome
Adrenal Insufficiency
Petechial Rash
Treatments
Ceftriaxone
Rifampin Prophylaxis
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5 mins
Haemophilus influenzae Characteristics
Characteristics
Gram-Negative
Coccobacilli
PRP Capsule in Type B
Positive Quellung Reaction
IgA Protease
Chocolate Agar
Factor V is NAD
Factor X is Hematin
Staph Aureus Provides Factor V
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2 mins
Bordetella pertussis
Pathophysiology
Gram-Negative
Coccobacillus
Bordet-Gengou Agar
ADP Ribosylating AB Toxin
Inhibits Gi to cause Increase in cAMP
Signs AND Symptoms
Lymphocytosis
Increase in Insulin
Catarrhal Phase is Infectious Period
Paroxysmal Phase is Symptomatic Period
Whooping Cough
Treatment
Macrolides
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4 mins
Pasteurella multocida
Bacteria Characteristics
Gram-Negative
Coccobacilli
Charcoal Yeast with Iron and Cysteine
Zoonotic - Cats and Dogs
Signs & Symptoms
Cellulitis
Osteomyelitis
Septic Arthritis
Treatment
Amoxicillin-clavulanate
Intravenous Antibiotics for Invasive Disease
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2 mins
Brucella
Characteristics
Gram-Negative
Coccobacillus
Unpasteurized milk
Goat cheese
Inside macrophages
Signs and Symptoms
Lymphadenopathy
Granulomas
Undulating fever
Treatment
Doxycycline
Gentamicin
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2 mins
Francisella tularensis
Mechanism
Contact with Infected Animals
Dermacentor Wood Tick
Deer Fly
Characteristics
Gram-Negative
Coccobacilli
Facultative Intracellular
Charcoal Yeast Agar with Cysteine and Iron
Signs and Symptoms
Ulceration
Fever
Painful Lymphadenopathy
Caseating Granulomas
Treatment
Streptomycin
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3 mins
Campylobacter jejuni
Characteristics
Gram-Negative
Bacillus
Flagella
Curved
Corkscrew Appearance
Oxidase-Positive
Grows Well at 42 Degrees
Undercooked Meat
Unpasteurized Milk
Animals with Diarrhea
Signs and Symptoms
Bloody Diarrhea
Guillain-Barre syndrome
Reactive Arthritis
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3 mins
Vibrio Cholera Characteristics
Gram-Negative
Bacilli
Glucose Fermenting
Non-lactose Fermenting
Oxidase Positive
Comma Shaped
Thrives in Alkaline Environment
Crustaceans
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1 min
Helicobacter Pylori
Characteristics
Gram-Negative
Bacilli
Curved
Polar Flagellum
Catalase-Positive
Oxidase-Positive
Disease
Gastric and Duodenal Ulcers
Ammonia
Neutral Environment
Gastric Adenocarcinoma
MALT lymphoma
Diagnosis
Serology IgG antibody
Stool Antigen
Urease Positive Breath Test
Biopsy
Treatment
2 ABX and PPI
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2 mins
Shigella
Characteristics
Gram-Negative
Bacilli
Non Lactose Fermenting
White on Macconkey Agar
Oxidase Negative
Non H2S Producing
Day Care Centers
High Virulence
Replicates Intracellularly
Actin Rocket
Signs and Symptoms
Bloody Diarrhea
Shiga Toxin
Inhibits 60S Ribosome
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)
Hemolytic Anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Kidney Failure
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3 mins
Yersinia Enterocolitica
Characteristics
Gram-Negative
Bacilli
Non-lactose Fermenting
Non-H2S Producing
Oxidase-Negative
Day Care Centers
Pork
Raw Milk
Pet (Puppy) Feces
Signs and Symptoms
Bloody Diarrhea
Mesenteric Adenitis
Granulomatous Microabscess in Mesenteric Lymph Nodes
Pseudoappendicitis (Mimics)
Reactive Arthritis
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2 mins
Yersinia Pestis (Black Plague)
Characteristics
Gram-Negative
Bacilli
Oxidase-Negative
Non-lactose Fermenting
Prairie Dogs
Fleas
Polysaccharide Capsule
Vw Antigen
F1 Antigen
Inhibits Macrophages
Southwest Region
Signs and Symptoms
Lymphadenopathy
Pneumonia
Black Cutaneous Hemorrhagic Lesions
Buboes
Diagnosis
Bipolar Giemsa Staining
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3 mins
Salmonella Overview
Pathophysiology
Gram-Negative Rod
Oxidase Negative
Non Lactose Fermenter
White on Macconkey Agar
H2S Producing
Flagella
Invades GI Tract
Peyer's Patches
Considerations
Osteomyelitis in Sickle Cell Patients
Reactive Arthritis
Antibiotics Prolong Fecal Excretion
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3 mins
Proteus Mirabilis
Characteristics
Gram-Negative
Bacillus
Oxidase Negative
Urease-Positive
Swarming Motility
Non-lactose Fermenting
Symptoms
Urinary Tract Infection
Struvite Crystals
Staghorn Kidney Stones
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2 mins
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Characteristics
Characteristics
Gram-Negative
Bacillus
Aerobic
Pyocyanin Pigment
Blue-green Pigment
Grape like odor
Non-lactose Fermenting
Polysaccharide Capsule
Catalase-Positive
Oxidase-Positive
Inactivates Elongation Factor 2
Exotoxin A
Endotoxin
Water sources
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3 mins
E. coli Overview
Characteristics
Gram-Negative
Bacillus
Purple Colony with Metallic Green Sheen
Lactose-Fermenting
Pink on MacConkey Agar
Disease
Diarrhea
Lipid A Septic Shock
P Pili Pyelonephritis and Cystitis
K Capsule Neonatal Meningitis
K Capsule Pneumonia
H Antigen Flagella
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2 mins
Klebsiella Disease
Signs and Symptoms
Aspiration Pneumonia
Alcoholics
Diabetics
Red Currant Jelly Sputum
Lung Abscess
Nosocomial Urinary Tract Infection
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2 mins

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