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Physician Assistant (PA)
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First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 (2021)
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Page 134 -

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First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 (2021) | Physician Assistant (PA) School Study Aid

Page 134 -
18 Picmonics to Learn | 36 mins
Listeria Monocytogenes Characteristics
Characteristics
Gram Positive
Bacillus
Intracellular
Survives in Cold Temperature
Actin Rocket
Tumbling Motility
Catalase-Positive
Beta-Hemolytic
Only Gram-Positive with Endotoxin-Like Structure
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2 mins
Bacillus Cereus Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Bacilli
Endospore Forming
B Hemolytic
Toxins and Enterotoxins
Reheated Rice
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1 min
Bacillus Anthracis (Anthrax) Characteristics
Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Spore-Forming
D-glutamate Polypeptide Capsule
Protective Antigen
Lethal Toxin
Edema Factor
Increased cAMP
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1 min
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Bacillus
Exotoxin
ADP Ribosylation of Elongation Factor 2
Beta Prophage
Lysogeny
Tellurite Agar
Chinese Letters
Metachromatic Blue Red Granules
Aniline Stains Deeply Methylene Blue
Signs and Symptoms
Pseudomembranous Pharyngitis
Lymphadenopathy
Myocarditis
Polyneuritis
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3 mins
Clostridium perfringens
Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Bacillus
Anaerobe
Spore-Forming
Alpha Toxin Lecithinase
Phospholipase
Heat Labile Enterotoxin
Signs and Symptoms
Myonecrosis
Gas Gangrene
Food Poisoning and Diarrhea
Treatment
Hyperbaric O2 Chamber
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2 mins
Clostridioides difficile (Clostridium difficile)
Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Bacillus
Anaerobe
Clindamycin and Ampicillin
Toxin A Enterotoxin
Damages Brush Border of Gut
Toxin B Cytotoxin
Damages Cytoskeletal Structure
Signs and Symptoms
Diarrhea
Pseudomembranous Colitis
Toxic Megacolon
Diagnosis
Detect Toxins in Stool
Treatment
Metronidazole
Vancomycin
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3 mins
Clostridium tetani
Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Bacilli
Obligate Anaerobic
Exotoxin
Spore-Forming
Renshaw Cells in the Spinal Cord
Blocks Glycine and GABA Release
Signs and Symptoms
Spasms
Risus Sardonicus
Lockjaw
Opisthotonus
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3 mins
Clostridium botulinum
Characteristics
Bacillus
Gram-positive
Anaerobe
Spore-forming
Heat Labile Toxin
Inhibits Acetylcholine (Ach) Release at Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ)
Canned Food in Adults
Spores in Honey
Signs and Symptoms
Descending Flaccid Paralysis
Diplopia
Ptosis
Floppy Baby
Constipation
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2 mins
Nocardia
Characteristics
Aerobic
Gram-Positive
Catalase-Positive
Urease-Positive
Acid Fast
Branching
Beaded Filament
AIDS/Immunocompromised
Soil
Signs and Symptoms
Lung Cavitation
Brain Abscess
Kidney Abscess
Treatment
TMP-SMX
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2 mins
Actinomyces Israelii
Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Bacillus
Anaerobe
Branching
Oral Flora
Dental Work
Oral Trauma
Associated with IUDs
Signs and Symptoms
GU Infections
Draining Sinus Tract
Facial Abscess
Yellow Sulfur Granules
Treatment
Penicillin
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2 mins
Streptococcus viridans
Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Cocci
Catalase-Negative
Alpha-Hemolytic
Optochin-Resistant
Not Bile Soluble
Normal Flora of Oropharynx
Synthesize Dextrans from Sucrose
Disease
Dental Caries
Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis
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2 mins
Streptococcus Pneumoniae Characteristics
Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Diplococci
Lancet-Shaped
Catalase-Negative
Optochin-Sensitive
Bile Soluble
Alpha-Hemolytic
Polysaccharide Capsule
Positive Quellung Reaction
IgA Protease
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1 min
Streptococcus agalactiae
Characteristics
Group B Streptococci
Gram-Positive
Cocci
Beta-Hemolytic
Bacitracin-Resistant
Catalase-Negative
Pyrrolidonyl Arylamidase (PYR) Negative
Polysaccharide Capsule
Hippurate Positive (+)
Produces CAMP Factor
Enlarges Area of Hemolysis by S. aureus
Disease
Mainly in Babies
Meningitis
Pneumonia
Sepsis
Colonizes Vagina
Treatment
Screen Pregnant Women at 35-37 Weeks
Penicillin
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3 mins
Streptococcus pyogenes Characteristics
Characteristics
Group A Streptococci (GAS)
Gram-Positive
Cocci
Beta-Hemolytic
Catalase-Negative
Bacitracin-Sensitive
Hyaluronic Acid Capsule
Streptolysin O
DNase
Streptokinase
Exotoxin A
Pyrrolidonyl Arylamidase (PYR) Positive
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2 mins
Streptococcus Bovis
Characteristics
Group D Streptococci
Catalase-Negative
Gram Positive Cocci
Does Not Grow in 6.5% NaCl
Grows in Bile
Clinical Features
Endocarditis
Bacteremia Associated with Liver Disease
Bacteremia Associated with Colon Cancer
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2 mins
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Cocci
Catalase-Positive
Coagulase-Negative
Novobiocin-Resistant
Urease-Positive
Disease
Urinary Tract Infections (UTI's)
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1 min
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Characteristics
Cocci
Gram-Positive
Catalase-Positive
Urease-Positive
Coagulase-Negative
Novobiocin-Sensitive
Component of Normal Skin Flora
Infects Prosthetic Devices and IV Catheters
Contaminates Blood Cultures
Produces Adherent Biofilms
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2 mins
Staphylococcus aureus Characteristics
Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Cocci
Catalase-Positive
Coagulase-Positive
Beta-Hemolytic
Protein A Virulence Factor
Inhibits Phagocytosis
MRSA
Resistant to Beta Lactams Due to Altered Penicillin Binding Proteins (PBPs)
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2 mins

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