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First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 (2021) | Physician Assistant (PA) School Study Aid
Urinary Tract Infection Symptoms
- More Common in Elderly
- Most Common in Females and Babies
- Change in LOC
- Dehydration
- Fever
- Urgency
- Urethral Infection
- Burning
- Smelly Urine
- Dark Cloudy Urine
- Frequency of Urination
2 mins
Urinary Tract Infection Prevention and Treatment
- Prevention
- Shower after Sex
- Urinate after Sex
- Wipe front to Back
- Treatments and Considerations
- I and Os with Daily Weights
- Increase Water Intake
- Antibiotics
- Avoid Caffeine
- Dr Appointment in 2 Weeks
- Void every 2 - 4 hours
2 mins
E. coli Overview
- Characteristics
- Gram-Negative
- Bacillus
- Purple Colony with Metallic Green Sheen
- Lactose-Fermenting
- Pink on MacConkey Agar
- Disease
- Diarrhea
- Lipid A Septic Shock
- P Pili Pyelonephritis and Cystitis
- K Capsule Neonatal Meningitis
- K Capsule Pneumonia
- H Antigen Flagella
2 mins
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
- Characteristics
- Gram-Positive
- Cocci
- Catalase-Positive
- Coagulase-Negative
- Novobiocin-Resistant
- Urease-Positive
- Disease
- Urinary Tract Infections (UTI's)
1 min
Klebsiella Characteristics
- Characteristics
- Gram-Negative
- Bacilli
- Oxidase-Negative
- Intestinal Flora
- Antiphagocytic Virulence Factor
- Polysaccharide Capsule
- Positive Quellung Reaction
- Mucoid Colonies
- Urease-Positive
- Fast Lactose Fermenter
- Pink on MacConkey Agar
2 mins
Klebsiella Disease
- Signs and Symptoms
- Aspiration Pneumonia
- Alcoholics
- Diabetics
- Red Currant Jelly Sputum
- Lung Abscess
- Nosocomial Urinary Tract Infection
2 mins
Enterococci
- Characteristics
- Gram-Positive Cocci
- Catalase Negative
- 6.5% NaCl
- Grows in Bile
- Normal Colonic Flora
- Signs and Symptoms
- Urinary Tract Infection
- Subacute Endocarditis
- Penicillin Resistant
- VRE (Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci)
2 mins
Proteus Mirabilis
- Characteristics
- Gram-Negative
- Bacillus
- Oxidase Negative
- Urease-Positive
- Swarming Motility
- Non-lactose Fermenting
- Symptoms
- Urinary Tract Infection
- Struvite Crystals
- Staghorn Kidney Stones
2 mins
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Characteristics
- Characteristics
- Gram-Negative
- Bacillus
- Aerobic
- Pyocyanin Pigment
- Blue-green Pigment
- Grape like odor
- Non-lactose Fermenting
- Polysaccharide Capsule
- Catalase-Positive
- Oxidase-Positive
- Inactivates Elongation Factor 2
- Exotoxin A
- Endotoxin
- Water sources
3 mins
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Disease
- Signs and Symptoms
- Pneumonia
- Cystic Fibrosis
- Burn Wounds
- Hot tub folliculitis
- Urinary Tract Infections
- Osteomyelitis associated with IV drug use
- Osteomyelitis from Shoe Puncture Wound
- Diabetic Osteomyelitis
- Corneal Infections in contact lens users
- Endocarditis
- Ecthyma Gangrenosum
3 mins
Vaginitis
- Cause/Mechanism
- Infection
- Postmenopausal Atrophy
- Assessment
- Vaginal Discharge
- Pruritus
- Interventions
- Antifungals (Miconazole, Clotrimazole)
- Antibiotics
- Estrogen Hormones
- Abstinence
- Considerations
- Good Hygiene
- Recurrent Vaginitis
2 mins
Gardnerella vaginalis
- Signs and Symptoms
- Bacterial Vaginosis
- Not an STD
- Fishy Smell
- Whiff Test
- Grey Vaginal Discharge
- Increase pH
- Clue Cells
- Squamous Epithelial Cells Covered with Bacteria
- Mobiluncus Coinfection
- Treatment
- Metronidazole
2 mins
Trichomonas vaginalis
- Characteristics
- Protozoa
- Signs and Symptoms
- Vaginitis
- Pruritus
- Foul-smelling Greenish Frothy Discharge
- Strawberry Cervix
- Diagnosis
- Corkscrew Motility on Wet Prep
- Treatment
- Metronidazole
2 mins
Candida Albicans
- Fungi
- Yeast with Pseudohyphae at 20 Degrees C
- Germ Tube Formation at 37 Degrees C
- Pruritic Vaginitis
- White Cottage Cheese Discharge
- Fiery Red Mucosa
- Diabetics
- Antibiotic Use
- Esophageal Thrush in Immunocompromised
- Diaper Rash
- Endocarditis in IV Drug Users
2 mins
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