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First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 (2021)
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First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 (2021) | Physician Assistant (PA) School Study Aid

Page 498 -
7 Picmonics to Learn | 10 mins
Basal Cell Carcinoma of the Skin
Pathophysiology
Most Common Skin Cancer
2/3 of Cases Due to UV Light Exposure
Pink, Pearl-like Lesions
Rolled Borders
Telangiectasias
Commonly Upper Lip
Diagnosis
Shave Biopsy
Pallisading Nuclei
Treatment
Mohs Micrographic Surgery
picmonic thumbnail
2 mins
Keratoacanthoma
Low-Grade Skin Tumor
Dome-shaped Nodule with Central Crater
More Common in Elderly
Sun-exposed Skin
Characteristics
Resembles Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Skin
Grows Rapidly over 4-6 Weeks
Workup & Management
Wide Excisional Biopsy
Mohs Micrographic Surgery
picmonic thumbnail
2 mins
Types of Malignant Melanoma
Superficial Spreading
Most Common Cause of Melanoma
Nodular
Aggressive and Rapidly Arising
Acral-Lentiginous
Males
Asians and African Americans
Lentigo Maligna
Geographic Shape
Sun Exposed Areas
picmonic thumbnail
2 mins
ABCDEs of Melanoma
Asymmetry
Border
Color
Diameter
Evolving
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1 min
Melanoma Mechanism and Characteristics
Mechanism
Associated with Sunlight Exposure
Mutation in B-RAF kinase
Large Number of Moles
Fair-Skinned People at Higher Risk
Growth Phases
Radial Growth Phase
No Metastasis
Vertical Growth Phase
Depth of Tumor Correlates with Risk of Metastasis
picmonic thumbnail
1 min
Melanoma Diagnosis
Signs
ABCDE Mnemonic
Asymmetry
Border irregularity
Color variation
Diameter > 6mm
Evolution over time
Diagnosis
S-100 Tumor Marker
LDH (Lactate Dehydrogenase) Screens for Metastasis
Treatment
Wide Local Excision
Adjuvant Therapy
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1 min
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Skin
Epidemiology
2nd Most Common Skin Cancer
UV Light Exposure
Long-term Immunosuppression
Arsenic Exposure
Signs/Symptoms
Ulcerative Red Lesion
Precursor Actinic Keratosis
Commonly Lower Lip
Diagnosis
Biopsy shows Keratin Pearls
Treatment
Mohs Micrographic Surgery
picmonic thumbnail
2 mins

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