Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
- Branched-chain Ketoacid Dehydrogenase
- Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
- Alpha-ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase
- Transketolase
- Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
- Beriberi
- ATP Depletion
- Aerobic Tissues Like Brain and Heart Affected First
- Deficiency Can Worsen with Glucose Infusion
Beriberi (Thiamine Deficiency)
- Thiamine Deficiency
- Dry Beriberi
- Polyneuritis
- Muscle Wasting
- Wet Beriberi
- Dilated Cardiomyopathy
- Edema
Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
- Vitamin B2
- FAD
- FAD Makes 1.5 ATP
- Succinate to Fumarate
- Glossitis
- Cheilosis
- Corneal Vascularization
Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
- Derived from Tryptophan
- Synthesis Requires Vitamin B6
- Constituent of NAD+
- Hartnup Disease
- Carcinoid Syndrome
- Pellagra
- Diarrhea
- Dermatitis
- Dementia
- Glossitis
- Flushing
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
- Pyridoxal Phosphate
- Transamination
- Decarboxylation
- Glycogen Phosphorylase
- Cystathionine Synthase
- Heme Synthesis
- Niacin Synthesis
- Neurotransmitter Synthesis
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) Deficiency
- Deficiency From Isoniazid
- Deficiency From Oral Contraceptives
- Seizures
- Hyperirritability
- Peripheral Neuropathy
- Sideroblastic Anemia
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Mechanism and Deficiency
- Cobalamin
- Large reserve pool in the liver
- Homocysteine to methionine
- Methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA
- Macrocytic Megaloblastic Anemia
- Hypersegmented Neutrophils
- Neurologic defects
- Posterior column
- Lateral corticospinal tract
- Spinocerebellar tract
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency Causes
- Vegans
- Pernicious Anemia
- Gastric Bypass Surgery
- Malabsorption
- Sprue
- Enteritis
- Crohn's Disease
- Diphyllobothrium latum
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
- Decreased Phenylalanine Hydroxylase
- Decreased Tetrahydrobiopterin Cofactor
- Autosomal Recessive
- Tyrosine Becomes Essential
- Phenylalanine Found in Nutrasweet
- Musty or Mousy Body Odor
- Growth Retardation
- Seizures
- Intellectual Disability
- Hypopigmentation