Penicillin
- Gram Positive
- Spirochetes
- Bind PBPs
- Block Transpeptidase Cross-linking of Cell Wall
- Activate Autolytic Enzymes
- Bactericidal
- Hypersensitivity Reactions
- Hemolytic Anemia
- Beta-lactamase Sensitive
Aminopenicillin Mechanisms
- Broader Spectrum
- Ampicillin
- Amoxicillin
- Beta-Lactamase Sensitive
- Combine with Clavulanic Acid
- Hypersensitivity Reactions
- Ampicillin Rash
- Pseudomembranous Colitis
Aminopenicillin Uses
- Ampicillin
- Amoxicillin
- Shigella
- Haemophilus Influenzae
- Salmonella
- Listeria
- Enterococci
- Proteus Mirabilis
- E. Coli
Antipseudomonal Penicillins
- Ticarcillin
- Carbenicillin
- Piperacillin
- Same Mechanism as Penicillin
- Extended Spectrum
- Pseudomonas and Gram-Negative Rods
- Combine with Beta Lactamase Inhibitor
- Clavulanic Acid
- Tazobactam
- Hypersensitivity Reactions
Ampicillin and Amoxicillin
- Aminopenicillin
- Broad Spectrum Penicillin
- Gram-Positive and Some Gram-Negative Infections
- Rash
- Diarrhea
- No Effect Against Staph Aureus
- Often combined with Beta Lactamase Inhibitor
- Allergic Reaction
Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors
- Often Combined with Penicillin Antibiotics
- Clavulanic Acid
- Sulbactam
- Tazobactam
Cephalosporins Overview
- Beta lactam drug
- Inhibits cell wall synthesis
- Bactericidal
- Hypersensitivity reactions
- Vitamin K Deficiency
- Disulfiram like reaction with Alcohol
- Increased Nephrotoxicity of Aminoglycosides
1st Generation Cephalosporin
- Cefazolin
- Cephalexin
- Proteus mirabilis
- E. coli
- Klebsiella
- Gram-Positive Cocci
2nd Generation Cephalosporin
- Cefoxitin
- Cefaclor
- Cefuroxime
- Proteus mirabilis
- E. coli
- Klebsiella
- Gram-Positive Cocci
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Enterobacter
- Neisseria
- Serratia marcescens
3rd Generation Cephalosporin
- Cefotaxime
- Ceftriaxone
- Cefdinir
- Ceftazidime
- Pseudomonas
- Serious Gram-Negative Bacteria Resistant to Other Beta-Lactams
4th Generation Cephalosporin
- Cefepime
- Increased Activity Against Gram-Positive Infections and Pseudomonas
5th Generation Cephalosporin
- Beta-Lactam
- Resistant Bacteria
- Broad Spectrum Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative
- Ceftobiprole
- Has Pseudomonas Coverage
- Ceftaroline
- No Pseudomonas Coverage
Imipenem
- Resistant to Beta-Lactamases
- Broad Spectrum
- Anaerobes
- Gram-Negative Rods
- Gram-Positive Cocci
- Must Administer with Cilastatin
- Cilastatin is Inhibitor of Renal Dehydropeptidase I
- Diarrhea
- Skin Rash
- Seizures
- Meropenem
- Stable to Dehydropeptidase I
- Reduced Risk of Seizures (Non-Seizure Causing)
Aztreonam
- Monobactam
- Resistant to beta lactamases
- Binds to penicillin binding protein (PBP)
- Inhibit cell wall synthesis
- No Activity on Gram-Positives or Anaerobes
- Gram-Negative Rods
- Non allergenic to penicillin
- Synergistic with aminoglycosides