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PANCE Prep Pearls: 3rd Ed. (2019) | Physician Assistant (PA) School Study Aid
Small Intestine
- Lower GI
- Liver
- Bile
- Duodenum
- Pancreas
- Pancreatic Juices
- Iron
- Lipase Breaks Down Fat
- Jejunum
- Absorption
- Salt and Water Absorption
- Ileum
- B12
- Bile Absorption
- Colon
4 mins
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Assessment
- Abdominal Pain
- Relieved by Defecation
- Alternating Diarrhea and Constipation
- Fatigue
- Excessive Flatulence
- Sensation of Incomplete Evacuation
- Considerations
- Stressors
- Food Intolerances
- More Common in Women
- Rule Out Other Disorders
2 mins
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Interventions
- Interventions
- Identify Triggers
- Increase Fiber Intake
- Probiotics
- Anticholinergics
- Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
- Loperamide
- Linaclotide
- Medications for Women
- Tegaserod (Zelnorm)
- Lubiprostone (Amitiza)
- Alosetron (Lotronex)
2 mins
Types of Intestinal Obstruction
- Mechanical
- Adhesions
- Hernia
- Volvulus
- Intussusception
- Tumor
- Non-Mechanical
- Mesenteric Artery Occlusion
- Spinal Injury
- Paralytic Ileus
2 mins
Meckel's Diverticulum
- Pathophysiology
- True Diverticulum
- Vitelline Duct
- Yolk Stalk
- Contain Ectopic Tissue
- Pancreatic And Gastric Mucosa
- Signs and Symptoms
- Hemorrhage
- Intussusceptions
- Volvulus
- Diagnosis
- 2 Feet From Ileocecal Valve
- 2 Inches Long
- 2% Population
- First 2 Years Of Life
- Pertechnetate T99
2 mins
Volvulus Characteristics and Presentation
- Characteristics
- Bowel Torsion
- Bowel Infarction
- Sigmoid Colon and Cecum
- Clinical Features
- Small Bowel Obstruction
- Abdominal Pain
- Unstable Vital Signs
- Peritonitis
2 mins
Volvulus Diagnosis and Management
- Diagnosis
- Abdominal X-ray
- Coffee Bean Sign
- Kidney Bean Sign
- Abdominal CT Scan
- Whirl Sign
- Barium Enema
- Bird's Beak Sign
- Management
- Fluid Resuscitation
- Surgery
- Consider Antibiotics
3 mins
Intestinal Obstruction
- Partial/Early Obstruction
- Severe Abdominal Pain
- Vomiting
- High Pitched Bowel Sounds
- Abdominal Distention
- Increased Peristalsis
- Total/Neurogenic Obstruction
- Absent Bowel Sounds
- Paralytic Ileus
1 min
Intussusception
- Pathophysiology
- Telescoping of Bowel Segments
- Lead Point
- Assessment
- Episodic Abdominal Pain
- Diarrhea
- Sausage-Shaped Mass
- Red Currant Jelly Stools
- Diagnosis
- Ultrasound/CT
- Target Sign
- Considerations
- More Common in Children
- Rotavirus Vaccine Contraindicated
- Management
- Air or Hydrostatic Enema
- Surgical Reduction
3 mins
Hirschsprung Disease
- Failure of Neural Crest Cell Migration
- Involves Rectum
- Lack of Auerbach and Meissner Plexus
- Chronic Constipation
- Failure to Pass Meconium
- Congenital Megacolon
- Increased Risk with Down Syndrome
- RET Mutations
2 mins
Appendicitis
- Mechanism and Characteristics
- Fecalith leading to obstruction and infection
- Most commonly affects teenagers
- Presentation
- Initial peri-umbilical visceral pain
- Subsequent somatic right lower quadrant pain
- Diagnosis
- Rebound tenderness
- Positive psoas sign
- Pain at McBurney's point
- Leukocytosis
- Fever
- Treatment
- Appendectomy
1 min
Appendicitis Assessment
- Mechanism
- Obstruction of Appendix
- Signs and Symptoms
- Periumbilical Pain
- RLQ Pain
- Nausea/Vomiting/Anorexia
- Increased White Blood Cells
- Rebound Tenderness
- Fever
- Complications
- Peritonitis
- Sepsis
2 mins
Appendicitis Interventions
- Treatment
- Appendectomy
- Preoperative Care
- Antibiotics
- IV Fluids
- No Enema or Laxative
- Postoperative Care
- Semi-Fowler's Position
- Nasogastric Tube
- Diet as Tolerated
- Pain Management
- Early Ambulation
2 mins
Acute Appendicitis Treatment
- Diagnosis
- CT Scan
- Treatment
- Immediate Appendectomy
- NPO
- IV Fluids
- Antibiotics
- Perforation
- Tertiary Intention
- Antibiotics Until Afebrile
2 mins
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