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Physician Assistant (PA)
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Pulmonology

Ace Your Pediatrics Classes and Exams with Picmonic: #1 Visual Mnemonic Study Tool for Physician Assistant (PA) Students

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Pediatrics | Physician Assistant (PA) School Study Aid

Pulmonology
17 Picmonics to Learn | 34 mins
Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Cause/Mechanism
Fetal Lung Immaturity
Lack of Surfactant
Assessment
Respiratory Distress
Nasal Flaring
Retractions
Grunting
Interventions
Surfactant
Oxygen
Mechanical Ventilation
Considerations
Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)
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2 mins
Cystic Fibrosis Mechanisms
Autosomal Recessive
CFTR Chromosome 7
Cl- channel Defect
Decreased Chloride Secretion
Increased Na and Water Reabsorption
Increased Na and Cl in Sweat
Dehydration of Mucous Layers
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2 mins
Cystic Fibrosis Symptoms and Complications
Recurrent Pulmonary Infections
Chronic Bronchitis
Nasal Polyps
Pancreatic Insufficiency
Intestinal Obstruction
Malabsorption and Diarrhea
Vitamin Deficiencies
Chronic Hepatic Disease
Infertility in Males
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1 min
Cystic Fibrosis Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis
Sweat Chloride Test > 60 mmol/L
Meconium Ileus
Treatment
N-acetylcysteine
Antibiotic Prophylaxis
Pulmonary Maintenance
Lung Transplant
Vitamin Replacement
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1 min
Asthma
Obstructive lung disease
Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness
History of Atopic Disease
Beta2 agonists
Corticosteroids
Curschmann's spirals
Hypertrophy of smooth muscle
Reversible
Charcot Leyden crystals
Methacholine challenge
Wheezing
Cough
Initially decreased PaCO2
Pulsus paradoxus
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2 mins
Intermittent Asthma
Diagnosis
Symptoms (Bronchoconstriction) and Rescue Inhaler Use ≤ 2 / Week
No Interference With ADLs
Nighttime Awakening < 2 / Month
> 80 % of Predicted FEV1
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1 min
Persistent Mild Asthma
Diagnosis
Symptoms (Brochoconstriction) and Rescue Inhaler Use > 2 Days / Week
Nighttime Awakening 3-4 / Month
Greater or equal to 80 % of Predicted FEV1
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1 min
Persistent Moderate Asthma
Diagnosis
Symptoms (Bronchoconstriction) and Rescue Inhaler Use Daily
Nighttime Awakening > 1 / Week
60-80% Predicted FEV1
FEV1/FVC Decreased 5%
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2 mins
Persistent Severe Asthma
Diagnosis
Symptoms (Bronchoconstriction) and Rescue Inhaler Use: Multiple/ Day
With Minimal Activity
Nighttime Awakening: Nightly
< 60% Predicted FEV1
> 5% Decrease FEV1/FVC
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2 mins
Stages of Asthma Treatments
Mild Intermittent
Short-acting Inhaled Beta-Agonist
Mild Persistent
Low-Dose Inhaled Corticosteroid
Montelukast (Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist)
Moderate Persistent
Low to Medium-dose Inhaled Corticosteroid
Zileuton
Severe Persistent
High-Dose Inhaled Corticosteroid
Systemic Corticosteroids
Omalizumab (Allergies)
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2 mins
Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis)
Mechanism
Parainfluenza Virus
Assessment
3 Months to 3 Years
Nighttime
Barking Seal Cough
Inspiratory Stridor
Interventions
Cool Humidified Air
Dexamethasone
Racemic Epinephrine
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2 mins
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Assessment
Mechanism
Viral Infection Affecting Epithelial Cells
Signs and Symptoms
Begins After a Upper Respiratory Infection
Copious Secretions
Coughing and Sneezing
Wheezing
Otitis Media or Conjunctivitis (Possible Ear or Eye Drainage)
Poor Feeding
Tachypnea
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2 mins
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Interventions
Prophylaxis
Palivizumab (Synagis)
Management
Hospitalization
Contact Precautions
Oxygen
Separate Room
Maintain Fluid Intake
Short-acting Beta-Agonist Bronchodilator
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2 mins
Tracheoesophageal Fistula (TEF)
Cause
Esophageal Atresia
Ends in Blind Pouch
Assessment
Coughing
Choking
Cyanosis
Drooling
Considerations
NPO
Surgical Emergency
Aspiration Pneumonia
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2 mins
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Bacillus
Exotoxin
ADP Ribosylation of Elongation Factor 2
Beta Prophage
Lysogeny
Tellurite Agar
Chinese Letters
Metachromatic Blue Red Granules
Aniline Stains Deeply Methylene Blue
Signs and Symptoms
Pseudomembranous Pharyngitis
Lymphadenopathy
Myocarditis
Polyneuritis
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3 mins
Bordetella pertussis
Pathophysiology
Gram-Negative
Coccobacillus
Bordet-Gengou Agar
ADP Ribosylating AB Toxin
Inhibits Gi to cause Increase in cAMP
Signs AND Symptoms
Lymphocytosis
Increase in Insulin
Catarrhal Phase is Infectious Period
Paroxysmal Phase is Symptomatic Period
Whooping Cough
Treatment
Macrolides
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4 mins
Influenza Virus
Characteristics
RNA Virus
Orthomyxovirus
Enveloped
Negative Sense
8 Segments
Helical
Hemagglutinin for Viral Entry
Neuraminidase for Virion Release
Genetic Shift
Reassortment of genome to cause major change
Genetic Drift
Minor Antigenic Mutations
Considerations
Reye Syndrome with Aspirin Use
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
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3 mins

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