Bilja Shared "Biologi 2- Cell och mat" - 13 Picmonics
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Biologi 2- Cell och mat
Glycolysis
- Characteristics
- Glucose
- Hexokinase or Glucokinase
- Glucose-6-phosphate
- Fructose-6-phosphate
- Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)
- Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
- Aldolase
- Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate
- 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
- 3-phosphoglycerate
- 2-phosphoglycerate
- Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)
- Pyruvate Kinase
- Pyruvate
- Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
- Acetyl-CoA
4 mins
Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)
- Characteristics
- Acetyl-CoA + Oxaloacetate
- Citric Acid
- Isocitric Acid
- Produces NADH
- Alpha-Ketoglutaric Acid
- Produces NADH
- Succinyl CoA
- Produces GTP
- Succinate
- Produces FADH2
- Fumarate
- Uses Water
- Malate
- Produces NADH
- Oxaloacetate
4 mins
Energy Releasing Pathways: Accounting
- Characteristics
- Anaerobic Respiration
- 2 ATP
- 2 NADH
- Aerobic Respiration
- 8 NADH
- 2 FADH2
- 2 ATP
- Oxidative Phosphorylation
- 34 ATP
- 2 ATP Lost
- 36 Net Total ATP
2 mins
Oxidative Phosphorylation
- Inner Mitochondrial Membrane
- Electron Transport Chain
- Oxygen is Final Electron Acceptor
- Proton Pump
- Proton Motive Force
- ATP Synthase
- 1 NADH 2.5 ATP
- 1 FADH2 1.5 ATP
3 mins
Anaerobic Respiration
- Cytosol
- Glucose
- Glycolysis
- Substrate-level Phosphorylation
- 2 NADH
- 2 Net ATP
- 2 Pyruvate
- Fermentation
- NAD+ Regeneration
- Waste Byproduct
2 mins
Aerobic Respiration
- Mitochondrial Matrix
- 2 Pyruvate
- Pyruvate Decarboxylation
- 2 NADH
- 2 Acetyl-CoA
- Krebs Cycle
- 6 NADH
- 2 FADH2
- 2 Substrate Level ATPs
1 min
Nucleus
- Characteristics
- Transcription Factors
- Nucleolus Transcribes rRNA
- DNA
- RNA
- Nuclear Membrane is a Bilayer
- Membrane is Continuous with Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Nucleus Surrounded by Cytosol
- Nuclear Pores
2 mins
GI Absorption
- Stomach
- Alcohol
- Duodenum
- Iron
- Jejunum
- Folate
- Terminal Ileum
- Vitamin B12
- Bile Resorption
1 min
Oral Cavity
- Characteristics
- Mouth
- Mechanical Digestion
- Salivary Amylase Begins Carbohydrate Breakdown
- Lingual Lipase Begins Lipid Breakdown
- Esophagus
- Bolus
- Peristalsis
1 min
Stomach Digestion
- Characteristics
- Chief Cells Secrete Pepsinogen
- Pepsinogen Turned to Pepsin By H+
- Protein Breakdown Begins
- Mucous Cells Secrete Mucus and Bicarbonate
- G Cells Secrete Gastrin
- Gastrin Stimulates Parietal Cell HCl Release
- Parietal Cells Secrete Intrinsic Factor
2 mins
Small Intestine Digestion
- Brush border enzymes
- Pancreatic Enzymes are secreted via a Duct
- Pancreas secretes bicarbonate
- Brush Border activates Pancreatic Trypsin
- Trypsin activates Chymotrypsin
- Trypsin and Chymotrypsin digest Proteins
- Gallbladder Releases Bile
- Pancreatic Lipase breaks down Lipids
- Goblet cells secrete mucus
- Pancreatic Amylase breaks down Carbohydrates
- Pancreatic Nucleases breakdown DNA/RNA
- Digestion occurs in the Duodenum
2 mins
Large Intestine
- Characteristics
- Colon
- Electrolyte Reabsorption
- Water Reabsorption
- Microflora Produce Vitamins
- Rectum Stores Feces
1 min
Small Intestine Absorption
- Characteristics
- Carbohydrates Undergo Active Transport
- Amino Acids Undergo Active Transport
- Small Lipids Undergo Passive Diffusion
- Epithelial Cells
- Intestinal Capillaries
- Hepatic Portal Transports Nutrients
- Liver
- Large Lipids Transported as Chylomicrons
- Lacteals Transport Chylomicrons
2 mins
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