Wayne Shared "NB3" - 129 Picmonics
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NB3
Kluver-Bucy Syndrome
- Bilateral Amygdala Lesion
- Associated with HSV-1
- Hyperorality
- Hypersexuality
- Disinhibited Behavior
1 min
NMDA Receptor
- Learing and Memory
- Activated by Glutamate
- Glycine Co-activation
- Requires Partial Membrane Depolarization
- Open Cation Channels
- Ca2+ Influx Generates NO
Anxiety Disorders
- Panic Disorder
- One Month
- Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) Overview
- Cognitive Behavior Therap
- Agoraphobia
- Fear of Public Places
- >2 situations for >6 months
- Social Phobia
- CBT #1
- SSRI
- Proponalol
- Stranger Anxiety Develops
- Separation Anxiety
- Age 1 Year
- Generalized Anxiety
- 6 Months -
- Benzo for Acute
- Psychotherapy
Anxiety Assessment
- Mild
- Increased Alertness
- Heightened Perception
- Moderate
- Perception Narrowed
- Short Attention Span
- Shaking
- Severe
- Ineffective Problem Solving
- Automatic Behavior
- Hyperventilation
- Panic
- Hallucinations
- Inability to Function or Communicate
2 mins
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
- Assessment
- Repetitive and Intrusive Thoughts
- Suppressed by Thought or Action
- Interferes with Daily Functioning
- May or May Not Be Aware
- Interventions
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
- Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
- Clomipramine
- Venlafaxine
3 mins
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
- Assessment
- Re-experience Traumatic Event
- Flashbacks
- Nightmares
- Avoidance
- Self-destructive Behaviors
- Considerations
- Assess Suicide Risk
- Actively Listen to Stories
- Anxiety Medications
2 mins
Social anxiety disorder
- Diagnosis
- >1 social situations for >6 months
- embarrassment
- humiliation
- Social situations avoided
- marked imapairment
- Subtype specifier: Performance only
- Treatment
- SSRI/SNRI
- Cognitive-behavioral therapy
- Beta blocker or benzodiazepine for performance-only subtype
- Selective mutism
- Selective mutism
- Refusal to speak at school can impair both academic and social development and should not be considered normal shyness
Anxiety Disorders
- Generalized Anxiety Disorder
- Generalized Anxiety
- Anxiety> 6 months of 3 of the following, unrelated to specific cause
- Adjustment disorder: Emotional symptoms causing impairment following psychosocial stressor
- H: Hyperarousal
- Adjustment disorder (results from non-traumatic event)
- Treat pharmacologically based on symptoms
- Mix of depressive/anxious symptoms
- Onset within 3 months of stressor
- Over within 6 months of stressor ending
- Psychotherapy
- E: Energy loss
- R: Restlessness
- S: Sleep disturbances
- WATCHERS
- T: Tension in muscles
- C: Ceoncentration Difficulty
- PTSD/Acute Stress Disorder
- PTSD
- Disturbance lasts> 1 month
- Acute Stress Disorder
- Symptom onset within 1 month of event
- Over within a month of onset (2 months of event)
- SSRIs or SNRIs
- Cognitive behavioral therapy
- PTSD and ASD= Same symptoms, different time course
- PTSD and ASD= Same symptoms, different time course
Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders
- Conversion Disorder
- Conversion Disorder
- Loss of sensory or motor function
- Often following acute stressor
- More common in young females
- Globus sensation
- Most spontaneously recover
- CBT if no spontaneous recovery
- Illness Anxiety Disorder (hypochondriasis)
- Illness anxiety
- Preocupation/fear of having serious illness despite medical reassurance
- CBT
- Somatic Symptom Disorder
- Somatic Symptom Disorder
- Variety of complaints in 1+ organ systems
- Persistent and disproportional anxiety about symptoms
- Treatment: Regular appointments with PCP
- No physical symptoms
- Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder commonly comorbid
Etiology of Schizophrenia
- Viruses, Malnutrition, Fetal Hypoxia
- Enlargement of Lateral Ventricles
- Small Hippocampus
- Overexpression of D2 receptors
- Young Adult (20-30 Years)
- Risk of Suicide
Neuroimaging findings in psychiatric disorders
- Autism Increased total brain volume
- Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and ADHD orbitofrontal cortex & striatum
- Panic Decreased volume of amygdala
- Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
- Decreased hippocampal volume
- Schizophrenia
- Decreased volume of the hippocampus and amygdala
- Enlargement of cerebral ventricles
Parkinsons
- autosomal recessive (6) and dominant (4)
- Clinical signs
- DDX
- Non-motor features
- Features above the neck
- Pharm treatment
- Drug-induced parkinsonism (obv reversible)
- Biomarkers of PD
- Side effects of long-term Ldopa use
- Genes associated with PD
- Types of tremor
- gait abnormalities
- Alzeimers disease - microscopic features
- Huntingtons Disease
- Features suggesting non-parkinsons
- Multiple Sclerosis
- Alzeimers disease - general features
Barbiturates
- Barb- Drug Names
- Indications
- Seizure Treatment
- Anesthesia Induction
- Mechanism of Action
- Increased Duration of Cl- Channel Opening
- Decrease Neuron Firing
- Side Effects
- Sedation
- Cardiovascular and Respiratory Depression
- CNS Depression
- P450 inducer
2 mins
Phenobarbital (Barbiturates)
- Mechanism
- Barbiturate
- Indications
- Seizures
- Side Effects
- Ataxia
- Paradoxical Excitement
- Fatigue/Drowsiness
- Considerations
- Monitor Plasma Levels
- High Potential for Abuse
1 min
Benzodiazepines Overview
- Indications
- First Line for Status Epilepticus
- Anesthesia Induction
- Anxiety
- Eclampsia
- Detoxification
- Mechanism of Action
- '-zepam' and '-zolam" Suffix
- Increase Frequency of Cl- Channel Opening
- Side Effects
- Decrease REM Sleep
- CNS Depression
- Dependence
- Antidote
- Flumazenil for Overdose
2 mins
Benzodiazepine Antidote
- Antidote
- Flumazenil
40 secs
Triazolam (Halcion)
- Mechanism
- Rapid-Onset Benzodiazepine
- Indications
- Insomnia
- Side Effects
- Rebound Insomnia
- Respiratory Depression
- Hypotension
- Paradoxical Excitement
- Amnesia
- Confusion
- Contraindications
- Pregnancy
- Considerations
- Short-Term Administration
2 mins
Nonbenzodiazepine Hypnotics
- Indications
- Insomnia
- Mechanism of Action
- Short Half-Life
- Acts on BZ1 GABA receptor
- Less dependence
- Drugs
- Zolpidem (Ambien)
- Side Effects
- Ataxia, confusion
- Antidote
- Flumazenil for Overdose
1 min
Buspirone
- Indications
- Generalized Anxiety
- Mechanism of Action
- Releases Dopamine and NE
- Stimulates 5-HT1A receptors
- Side Effects
- Low Side Effect Profile
- Safer with Alcohol than Other Anxiolytics
1 min
Trazodone
- Indications
- Insomnia
- Depression
- Mechanism of Action
- Inhibit Serotonin Reuptake
- Alpha-1 Blocker
- Histamine (H1) Blocker
- Side Effects
- Sedation
- Orthostatic Hypotension
- Dry Mouth
- Priapism
- Arrhythmias
2 mins
