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Evander Shared "Pathoma 13 Female Genitourinary" - 21 Picmonics

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Pathoma 13 Female Genitourinary

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Mechanism
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Chlamydia Trachomatis
Symptoms
Cervical Motion Tenderness
Chandelier Sign
Salpingitis
Tubo-ovarian abscess
Hydrosalpinx
Complications
Ectopic Pregnancy
Infertility
Adhesions
Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome
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2 mins
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Characteristics
Non-enveloped
Circular
Double Stranded DNA
Disease
Warts 1, 2, 6, 11
Condyloma acuminata
Type 16, 18
Cervical Carcinoma
Penile Carcinoma
AIDS/Immunocompromised
Worsened by Smoking
Diagnosis
Koilocytic change in squamous epithelium
Pyknotic Nuclei Surrounded by Clear Halo
Treatment
Vaccine Available
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4 mins
Cervical Cancer Screening
Women Aged 21-65 Years
Pap Smear Every 3 Years
Women Aged 30-65 Years
Can Opt for Co-testing (Pap Smear + HPV Testing) Every 5 Years
Identify Lesions
High grade lesions
Cryotherapy
Loop Excision
Cold Knife Conization
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2 mins
Endometriosis Characteristics
Endometrial Tissue Outside of Uterus
Glands and Stroma
Most Common in Ovary, Pelvis, Peritoneum and Bowels
"Chocolate Cyst" in Ovary
Adenomyosis
Theories
Retrograde Flow
Metaplastic Transformation
Mullerianosis
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2 mins
Endometriosis Symptoms and Treatment
Symptoms
Dysmenorrhea
Cyclic Pelvic Pain
Dyschezia
Dysuria
Dyspareunia
30-40% are Infertile
Treatment
Surgery
NSAIDs
OCPs
Progesterone (Progestins)
GnRH Agonists
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1 min
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) Mechanism
Mechanism
Hyperinsulinemia Increases GnRH Pulse Frequency
Large Increase in LH
Small Decrease in FSH
Increased Androgen Production From Theca-Lutein Cells
Decreased Steroid Hormone-Binding-Globulin (SHBG) Causes Increased Free Testosterone
Obese Patients Have Increased Estrogen
Increased Risk of Endometrial Cancer
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2 mins
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) Symptoms and Diagnosis
Symptoms
Most Common Cause of Infertility in Women
Amenorrhea
Acne
Hirsutism
Obesity
Diagnosis
Enlarged, Cystic Ovaries
LH:FSH Ratio of 3:1
"String of Pearls" on Ultrasound
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1 min
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) Treatment
Weight Loss
Oral Contraceptives
Clomiphene Citrate
Anti-androgens
Cyclic Progesterone for Endometrial Protection
Metformin
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1 min
Ovarian Cystadenoma
Non-germ cell tumor
Serous
Unilocular
Bilateral
Mucinous
Multilocular
Benign
Most Common
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49 secs
Ovarian Cystadenocarcinoma
Non-germ Cell Tumor
Mucinous
Peritoneal Spread
Serous
Psammoma Bodies
Bilateral
Malignant
Stromal Invasion
CA 125
BRCA-1 and Lynch Syndrome
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1 min
Brenner Tumor
Pathophysiology
Non-germ cell tumor
Transitional epithelium
Benign and unilateral
Coffee bean nuclei
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2 mins
Dysgerminoma
Germ-cell tumor
Most Common Malignant Germ Cell Tumor
Uniform Cells
Fried Egg Cells
hCG
LDH
Seminoma-like
Turner Syndrome
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2 mins
Teratoma
Germ-cell Tumor
Dermoid Cyst (Benign and Mature Teratoma)
Immature Teratoma (Malignant)
Struma Ovarii
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2 mins
Yolk Sac Tumor
Germ-cell tumor
AFP
Aggressive Malignancy
Yellow, Friable Solid
Schiller-Duval Bodies
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43 secs
Choriocarcinoma
Germ-cell tumor
Trophoblastic tissue
Hematogenous spread to lungs
Malignant
Theca-lutein cysts
Hydatidiform Mole
hCG
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59 secs
Granulosa Cell Tumor
Granulosa Cells
Non-germ cell tumor
Endometrial Carcinoma
Call-Exner bodies
Estrogen producing
Precocious Puberty
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43 secs
Fibromas
Non-germ cell tumor
Meigs Syndrome
Thecoma
Pulling sensation in groin
Spindle-shaped fibroblasts
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44 secs
Krukenberg Tumor
Non-germ Cell Tumor
Lymphatic Spread to Ovaries
Metastasis
GI Malignancy
Mucin-secreting Signet Cell
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34 secs
Menopause Lab Findings
Decreased Estrogen
Lack of Negative Feedback
Increased FSH
Increased LH
Increased GnRH
Small Amount of Estrogen From Androgen Conversion
Increased Androgens = Hirsutism
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1 min
Menopause Symptoms
Symptoms
HAVOCS Mnemonic
Hot Flashes
Atrophy of Vagina
Osteoporosis
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Sleep disturbances
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50 secs

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