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Physio 1
Anterior Pituitary
Characteristics
Hypothalamic Control
FLAT PeG Mnemonic
Tropic Hormones
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Lutenizing Hormone (LH)
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
Direct Hormones
Prolactin (PRL)
Growth Hormone (GH)
2 mins
Addison's Disease
Mechanism
Chronic 1° Adrenal Insufficiency
Atrophy
Destruction
Symptoms
Deficiency In Cortisol And Aldosterone
Skin Hyperpigmentation
Increased POMC
Hypotension
Hyperkalemia
Acidosis
Addisonian Crisis
Diagnosis
ACTH (Cosyntropin) Stimulation Test
Treatment
Exogenous Cortisol
2 mins
Cushing's Syndrome Characteristics
More Common in Women
Exogenous Etiologies
Glucocorticoids
Endogenous Etiologies
Decreased ACTH
Primary Adrenal Disease
Increased ACTH
Pituitary Adenoma (Cushing's Disease)
Paraneoplastic: Small Cell Carcinoma
CRF-releasing Tumors
2 mins
Hypothalamus
Characteristics
Anterior Pituitary Stimulated Through the Hypophyseal Portal
GHRH
GnRH
TRH
PIF
CRF Released During Stress
Posterior Pituitary Stimulated Through Neural Control
3 mins
Adrenal Gland (Advanced)
Characteristics
Adrenal Cortex
Zona Glomerulosa
Aldosterone
Zona Fasciculata
Cortisol
Zona Reticularis
Androgens
Adrenal Medulla
Chromaffin Cells
Epinephrine & Norepinephrine
2 mins
Steroid Hormones
Characteristics
Nuclear Membrane
Long-Lived and Slow-Acting
Cholesterol-Derived
Intracellular Receptors
DNA Transcription
Examples
Testosterone
Aldosterone
Estrogen
Cortisol
2 mins
Syndrome Of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)
Pathophysiology
Hypersecretion of ADH
Increased Sensitivity to ADH
Signs & Symptoms
Serum Hypoosmolality
Coma and Seizure
Dilutional Hyponatremia
Cramps and Tremors
Euvolemia
Change in LOC
2 mins
Hypothyroidism Intervention
Medications
Levothyroxine (Synthroid)
Liothyronine (Cytomel)
Complication
Myxedema Coma
Nursing Considerations
Lifelong Replacement Hormone
Monitor Vital Signs
Fluids and Fiber
Low Calorie, Low Fat Diet
Medication Education
No Switching Brands
2 mins
Thymic Aplasia (DiGeorge Syndrome)
Pathophysiology
DiGeorge Syndrome
22q11 Deletion
Failure to Develop Third and Fourth Pharyngeal Pouches
Signs and Symptoms
Undeveloped Thymus
T Cell Deficiency
Recurrent Viral and Fungal Infections
Undeveloped Parathyroids
Hypocalcemia
Tetany
Aortic Defects
Congenital Heart Defects
Diagnosis
Absent Thymic Shadow on CXR
2 mins
Graves' Disease Characteristics
Women 20-40 years old
Pathophysiology
Anti-TSH Receptor Antibodies
Symptoms
Ophthalmopathy
Exophthalmos
Hyperthyroidism
Goiter
Pretibial Myxedema
1 min
Graves' Disease Labs and Treatment
Labs
Decreased TSH
Increased T3
Increased T4
Radioactive Iodine Uptake (RAIU)
Treatment
Beta blocker
Methimazole
Radioiodine Ablation
1 min
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
Symptoms
Hypothyroidism with Bouts of Hyperthyroidism
Enlarged, Nontender Thyroid
Mechanism
Autoimmune
Anti-Thyroid Peroxidase (TPO)
Anti-Thyroglobulin
Lab Findings
Hurthle Cells
Lymphoid Follicles
Associations
HLA-DR5 and HLA-DR3
Increased Risk Of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
2 mins
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Assessment
Hypercalcemia
Kidney Stones
Osteoporosis
Arrhythmias
Diagnostic Tests
Increased Calcium and Decreased Phosphorus
Considerations
Prevent Injury
Medication Education
Surgery
1 min
Hyperthyroidism Assessment
Assessment
Heat Intolerance
Exophthalmos
Warm, Moist Skin and Silky Hair
Tremors
Goiter
Diarrhea
Weight Loss
Tachycardia
Hypertension
Amenorrhea
Diagnosis
Decreased TSH with Elevated Free T4
Radioactive Iodine Uptake (RAIU)
2 mins
Hyperthyroidism Interventions
Drug Therapy
Propylthiouracil (PTU)
Methimazole (Tapazole)
Iodine
Beta Blockers
Other Therapies
Radioiodine Ablation
Thyroidectomy
Complications
Thyrotoxicosis
Post-Surgery Hypocalcemia
2 mins
Hypoparathyroidism
Assessment
Hypocalcemia
Lethargy
Tetany
Arrhythmias
Diagnostic Tests
Decreased Calcium and Increased Phosphorus
Considerations
IV Calcium Chloride
Rebreather Mask
Lifelong Medications
Oral Calcium Supplements with Vitamin D
2 mins
Hypothyroidism Assessment
Assessment
Weight Gain - Edema
Lethargy
Cold Intolerance
Bradycardia
Hypertension
Brittle Nails and Dry Skin
Constipation
Goiter
Prolonged Menses
Slowed Thinking
Diagnostic Tests
Decreased Free T4
Increased TSH
2 mins
Pheochromocytoma
Cause/Mechanism
Adrenal Medulla Tumor
Increased Catecholamines
Assessment
Episodic Hypertension
Diaphoresis
Abdominal or Chest Pain
Interventions
Surgery
Antihypertensives
Phenoxybenzamine
Metyrosine (Demser)
Considerations
Do Not Palpate Abdomen
3 mins
Prolactinoma
Pituitary Adenoma
Galactorrhea
Prolactin Inhibits Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone
Impotence
Amenorrhea
Bitemporal Hemianopsia
Treat with Dopamine
2 mins
Parathyroid Gland
Characteristics
Blood Calcium Sensor
Parathyroid Hormone
Bone Resorption
Blood Calcium Increases
Vitamin D Activation
Calcium Absorption From The Small Intestine
1 min
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