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FIRST AID 2015
Case Control Study
Observational
Retrospective
Compares those with disease to those without
(Asks) "What happened?"
Measurement
Odds Ratio
47 secs
Cohort Study
Observational
Longitudinal
Studies risk from exposure
Retrospective
(Asks) "Who developed disease?"
Prospective
(Asks) "Who will develop disease?"
1 min
Cross-Sectional Study
Observational
(Asks) "What's Happening?"
Data at One Specific Point in Time
(Finds) Frequency of Disease
Measurement
Prevalence
49 secs
Sensitivity
Characteristics
Rules Out
Screening Test
Formula
TP / (FN+TP)
2 mins
Specificity
Characteristics
Rules In
Confirmatory Test
Formula
TN / (TN + FP)
1 min
Age 2 Months - Developmental Milestones
Gross Motor
Holds Head Up, But Unsteady
Fine Motor
Tracks Objects to the Midline
Language
Coos
Social / Cognitive
Social Smile
Recognizes Parents
1 min
Age 4 Months - Developmental Milestones
Gross Motor
Sits With Support
Rooting Reflex Disappears
Moro Reflex Disappears
Fine Motor
Reaches Across Midline
Language
Turns to Voice
Laughs
Social / Cognitive
Enjoys Looking Around
2 mins
Age 6 Months - Developmental Milestones
Gross Motor
Palmar Reflex Disappears
Sits Propped Up On Hands
Rolls
Fine Motor
Transfers Objects Hands to Hands
Raking Grasp
Language
Babbles
Responds to Name
Social / Cognitive
Stranger Anxiety Develops
2 mins
Age 3 Years - Developmental Milestones
Gross Motor
Walks Up/Down Steps with Alternating Feet
Rides Tricycle
Fine Motor
Stack Nine Block Tower
Copies Circle
Uses Utensils
Language
Three-Word Sentences
75% Speech Understood by Stranger
Social / Cognitive
Knows Gender / Age
2 mins
Age 4 Years - Developmental Milestones
Gross Motor
Hop on One Foot
Fine Motor
Copies Square
Uses Fork Well
Language
100% Speech Understandable
Identifies Colors
Social/ Cognitive
Cooperative Play
Imaginary Friends
2 mins
Age 9 Months - Developmental Milestones
Gross Motor
Pulls to Stand
Starts Cruising
Fine Motor
Three-Finger Pincer Grasp
Holds Bottle or Cup
Language
Starts Sounding "Mama" or "Dada"
Social / Cognitive
Waves Bye
Separation Anxiety
Plays Pat-A-Cake
2 mins
Age 1 Year - Developmental Milestones
Gross Motor
Stands Well
First Steps
Throws Ball
Points to Objects
Babinski Reflex Disappears
Fine Motor
Two-Finger Pincer Grasp
Language
"Mama & Dada"
Social / Cognitive
One-Step Commands with Gesture
2 mins
Age 18 Months - Developmental Milestones
Gross Motor
Climbs Up Stairs
Runs
Fine Motor
Stacks Three Blocks
Eats with Spoon
Removes Clothing
Language
10-25 Word Vocabulary
Social / Cognitive
“Mine”
Pretend Play
2 mins
Age 2 Years - Developmental Milestones
Gross Motor
Jumps
Fine Motor
Copies a Line
Stacks Six Blocks
Turns Pages
Language
Two-Word Phrases
Half of Speech is Understandable
200 Words by Age 2
Social / Cognitive
Parallel Play
Begins Toilet Training
Rapprochement
2 mins
Chromosome Components
Characteristics
DNA
Histones
Nucleosomes
Chromatin
Chromosome
Telomere
1 min
DNA Base Pairing
Characteristics
3' End
5' End
Antiparallel Base Pairing
Complementary Strands Pair
Thymine And Adenine Pair
2 Hydrogen Bonds
Adenine and Uracil Pair in RNA
Guanine And Cytosine Pair
3 Hydrogen Bonds
3 mins
Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency
Adenosine to Inosine
Excess ATP
Inhibition of Ribonucleotide Reductase
Prevents DNA Synthesis
Decreases B Cells and T Cells
Major cause of SCID
1 min
Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome
X-linked Recessive
Absence of HGPRT
Hypoxanthine to IMP
Guanine to GMP
Excess uric acid
Gout
Retardation
Self-mutilation
Choreoathetosis
PRPP is increased
2 mins
DNA Replication
Characteristics
DNA Gyrase Uncoils Supercoil
Helicase Separated DNA Strand
Single-Strand Binding (SSB) Protein Keeps Strands Separated
DNA Polymerase Synthesizes New Strand
3' To 5' Reading
Primase Creates RNA Primer
Telomerase Caps DNA Ends
DNA Ligase Combines Okazaki Fragments
Okazaki Fragments On Lagging Strand
4 mins
Codon Overview
Characteristics
mRNA Read In Three Nucleotide Chunks
AUG Is Start Codon
Matching tRNA Anticodon
Amino Acid Specific (To Codon)
AUG Codes For Methionine
UAA, UAG And UGA Are Termination Codons
2 mins
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