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pharm exam 4
Antipsychotics Overview
Generations
Typical
Atypical
Mechanism
Blocks D2 Receptor
2nd Generation Blocks the 5-HT 2 Receptor
Indications
Psychosis
Delirium
Bipolar Disorder
Tourette’s Syndrome
Side Effects
Hyperprolactinemia
Extrapyramidal Symptoms
Tardive Dyskinesia
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
4 mins
Low Potency Antipsychotic Drugs
Drugs
Chlorpromazine
Corneal Deposits
Thioridazine
Retinal Deposits
Shared Side Effects
Alpha1 Antagonist Effects
Anticholinergic Effects
Antihistamine Effects
2 mins
High Potency Antipsychotic Drugs
High Potency Drugs
Fluphenazine
Trifluoperazine
Haloperidol
Pimozide
Side Effects
Extrapyramidal Symptoms
Short Term
Dystonia
Restlessness (Akathisia)
Torticollis
Long Term
Tardive Dyskinesia
Parkinson's-Like Symptoms
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
3 mins
Atypical Antipsychotics
Indications
Schizophrenia
Mechanism of Action
Unknown Mechanism
Side Effects
Seizures
Prolonged QT Interval
Agranulocytosis
Weight Gain
Fewer Extrapyramidal Side Effects
Fewer Anticholinergic Side Effects
2 mins
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
FEVER Acronym
Fever
Encephalopathy
Vital Signs Unstable
Elevated Enzymes
Rigidity of muscles
Reversal Agent
D2 Agonists
Bromocriptine
Dantrolene
2 mins
Haloperidol (Haldol)
Mechanism
High Potency Antipsychotic
Indications
Migraine
Schizophrenia
Side Effects
Extrapyramidal Symptoms
Weight Gain
QT Prolongation
Restlessness
Considerations
Caution in Seizure Patients
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
2 mins
Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
Mechanism
Low Potency Antipsychotic
Indications
Schizophrenia
Hiccups
Side Effects
Sedation
Weight Gain
Orthostatic Hypotension
Anticholinergic Effects
QT Prolongation
Neuroendocrine Effects
Caution in Seizure Patients
Corneal Deposits
2 mins
Clozapine (Clozaril)
Mechanism
Atypical Antipsychotic
Indications
Schizophrenia
Levodopa-Induced Psychosis
Side Effects
Weight Gain
Hypersalivation (Sialorrhea)
Myocarditis
Agranulocytosis
Sedation
Orthostatic Hypotension
Constipation (Risk of Bowel Ileus)
Considerations
Weekly Lab Tests
2 mins
Risperidone (Risperdal)
Mechanism
Atypical Antipsychotic
Indications
Schizophrenia
Bipolar Mania
Autism-Associated Irritability
Side Effects
Extrapyramidal Symptoms
Hyperprolactinemia
Gynecomastia
Galactorrhea
Amenorrhea
Prolonged QT
Considerations
Intramuscular Long Acting (Depot) Form
2 mins
Aripiprazole (Abilify)
Mechanism
2nd Generation Atypical Antipsychotic
Indications
Schizophrenia
Bipolar Disorder
Depression
Side Effects
Headache
Dizziness
Nausea and Vomiting
Insomnia
Anxiety
Considerations
Low Risk of Extrapyramidal Symptoms
Lowest Risk of Weight Gain
2 mins
Lithium
Indications
Bipolar Disorder
Mechanism of Action
Mood Stabilizer
Unknown Mechanism
Side Effects
Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
Hypothyroidism
Movement (Tremor)
Heart Block
Contraindication
Pregnancy (Ebstein's Anomaly)
1 min
Levodopa/Carbidopa (Sinemet)
Indications
Parkinson's Disease
Mechanism of Action
Increase Dopamine in Brain
Cross blood-brain barrier
Increase bioavailability
Side Effects
Arrhythmias
Dyskinesia
1 min
Parkinson's Disease Interventions
Medications
Levodopa/Carbidopa (Sinemet)
Entacapone (Comtan)
Selegiline (Eldepryl)
Amantadine (Symmetrel)
Bromocriptine (Parlodel)
Benztropine (Cogentin)
Considerations
Allow Extra Time
Ensure Patient Safety
Surgery As Last Resort
2 mins
Parkinson's Drugs
Parkinsons Characteristics
Decreased Dopamine
Increased Acetylcholine
Drug Names
BALSA Acronym
Bromocriptine
Amantadine
Levodopa
Selegiline
Antimuscarinics
2 mins
Benzodiazepines Overview
Indications
First Line for Status Epilepticus
Anesthesia Induction
Anxiety
Eclampsia
Detoxification
Mechanism of Action
'-zepam' and '-zolam" Suffix
Increase Frequency of Cl- Channel Opening
Side Effects
Decrease REM Sleep
CNS Depression
Dependence
Antidote
Flumazenil for Overdose
2 mins
Benzodiazepine Antidote
Antidote
Flumazenil
40 secs
Barbiturates
Barb- Drug Names
Indications
Seizure Treatment
Anesthesia Induction
Mechanism of Action
Increased Duration of Cl- Channel Opening
Decrease Neuron Firing
Side Effects
Sedation
Cardiovascular and Respiratory Depression
CNS Depression
P450 inducer
2 mins
Phenobarbital (Barbiturates)
Mechanism
Barbiturate
Indications
Seizures
Side Effects
Ataxia
Paradoxical Excitement
Fatigue/Drowsiness
Considerations
Monitor Plasma Levels
High Potential for Abuse
1 min
Phenytoin
Indications
Status Epilepticus
Tonic-Clonic Seizures
Mechanism of Action
Blocks Na+ Channel Activation
Inhibition of Glutamate Release
Class IB Antiarrhythmic
Side Effects
Teratogenic
Macrocytic Megaloblastic Anemia
Induce Cytochrome P450
Drug-induced Lupus
Neuropathy
Hirsutism
Gingival Hyperplasia
1 min
Valproic Acid
Indications
First Line Tonic-Clonic Seizure Treatment
Bipolar Disorder
Migraine Prophylaxis
Mechanism of Action
Increases GABA Concentration
Blocks Voltage-Gated Na+ Channels
Side Effect
GI Distress
Contraindication
Contraindicated in Pregnancy
1 min
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