Christine Shared "Module Heme/Onc DZ Pathology" - 32 Picmonics
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Module Heme/Onc DZ Pathology
Coagulation Cascade Overview
- Secondary Hemostasis
- Intrinsic Pathway
- Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)
- Heparin
- Extrinsic Pathway
- Prothrombin Time (PT)
- Warfarin
- Common Pathway
- Thrombin
- Convert Fibrinogen to Fibrin
- Stabilizes the Platelet Plug
2 mins
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
- Pathophysiology
- Bleeding State
- Activation of Clotting Factors
- Deficiency of Clotting Factors
- Causes
- Sepsis
- Trauma
- Obstetric Complications
- Acute Pancreatitis
- Malignancy
- Nephrotic Syndrome
- Transfusion
2 mins
Iron Deficiency Anemia
- Causes
- Malnutrition/Malabsorption
- Hemorrhage
- Signs
- Microcytic, Hypochromic Anemia
- Decreased Heme Synthesis
- Labs
- Decreased Reticulocytes
- Decreased Ferritin
- Increased Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)
- Poikilocytosis
- Anisocytosis
- Increased Central Pallor
2 mins
Anemia Lab Values
- Iron Deficiency Anemia
- Serum Iron Decreased
- Transferrin Increased
- Ferritin Decreased
- % Transferrin Saturation Decreased
- Pregnancy and OCP Use
- Serum Iron Normal
- Transferrin Increased
- Ferritin Normal
- % Transferrin Saturation Decreased
- Anemia of Chronic Disease
- Serum Iron Decreased
- Transferrin Decreased
- Ferritin Increased
- % Transferrin Saturation Decreased or Normal
- Hemochromatosis
- Serum Iron Increased
- Transferrin Decreased
- Ferritin Increased
- % Transferrin Saturation Increased
3 mins
Polycythemia Vera Disease
- Pathophysiology
- JAK2 Mutation leading to increased red blood cells
- Tyrosine Kinase
- Symptoms
- Erythromelalgia
- Pruritus
- Often After Hot Shower
- Headache
- Treatment
- Phlebotomy
- Aspirin
1 min
Polycythemia Vera Labs
- Lab Findings (The 4 H's)
- Hypervolemia
- Histaminemia
- Hyperviscosity
- Hyperuricemia
- Diagnosis
- Elevated Hemoglobin or Hematocrit
- Positive Jak2 Mutation
1 min
Hereditary Spherocytosis Disease
- Northern Europeans
- Mechanisms
- Autosomal Dominant
- Spectrin/Ankyrin Deficiency
- Spherocyte Formation
- Hemolytic Anemia
- Symptoms
- Bilirubin Gallstones
- Jaundice
- Splenomegaly
3 mins
Hereditary Spherocytosis Diagnosis & Treatment
- Labs
- Increased MCHC
- Spherocytes
- Normocytic Anemia
- Diagnosis
- Eosin-5-Maleimide (EMA) Binding Test
- Osmotic Fragility Test
- Glycerol Lysis Test
- Treatment
- Folic Acid
- Splenectomy
2 mins
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)
- Children
- Pathophysiology
- Preceded by Acute Diarrheal Illness
- Endothelial Damage
- Classic Triad of Symptoms
- Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia (MAHA)
- Thrombocytopenia
- Renal Failure
- Labs
- Helmet cells
- LDH
- Treatment
- Dialysis
- Supportive
2 mins
Beta Thalassemia
- Mechanism
- Microcytic, Hypochromic Anemia
- Mediterranean Populations
- Decreased Beta-Globin
- Beta-Thalassemia Minor
- Increased HbA2
- No Intervention
- Beta-thalassemia Major
- Blood Transfusions
- Hemochromatosis
- Crew-cut on Skull X-Ray
- Diagnosis
- Electrophoresis
2 mins
Von Willebrand Disease
- Mixed platelet and coagulation disorder
- Mechanism
- Autosomal Dominant Condition Leading to Reduced vWF
- Defect in platelet plug formation
- Labs
- Increased Bleeding Time
- PTT increased
- Factor VIII decreased
- Normal platelet count
- Treatment
- DDAVP (synthetic vasopressin)
1 min
Sickle Cell Anemia (Signs and Complications)
- Signs
- Crew-cut on Skull X-ray
- Complications
- Auto-splenectomy
- Painful Crisis
- Aplastic Crisis
- Splenic-sequestration Crisis
- Hyper-hemolytic Syndrome
- Renal Papillary Necrosis
- Salmonella osteomyelitis
- Pulmonary Hypertension
- Hyposthenuria
2 mins
Sickle Cell Anemia (Mechanism)
- Intrinsic Normocytic Hemolytic Anemia
- Point Mutation
- Autosomal Recessive
- African American
- Dehydration or Decreased O2
- Newborns Asymptomatic
- Heterozygote Malarial Resistance
2 mins
Sickle Cell Anemia (Management)
- Long Term Treatment
- Hydroxyurea
- Bone Marrow Transplant
- Folate
- Acute Treatment
- Exchange Transfusion
- Prophylaxis
- Penicillin Prophylaxis
1 min
Multiple Myeloma Signs and Symptoms
- Signs and Symptoms
- Increased Susceptibility to Infection
- Back/Bone Pain
- Punched Out Lytic Bone Lesions
- Hypercalcemia
- Primary Amyloidosis
- Renal Insufficiency
- Anemia
2 mins
Multiple Myeloma Pathophysiology
- Pathophysiology
- Monoclonal Plasma Cell Cancer
- Clock Face Chromatin
- Diagnosis
- M Spike on Protein Electrophoresis
- Increased IgG and IgA
- Fried Egg Appearance (BM Biopsy)
- Rouleaux Formation
- Stacked RBC's
- Bence Jones Protein
2 mins
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
- Ages < 15
- May Present with Bone Marrow Involvement in Children
- Mediastinal Mass in Adolescents
- TdT Positive
- CALLA Positive
- t(12;21) Better Prognosis
- Spread to CNS and Testes
- Most Responsive to Chemotherapy
2 mins
Adult T Cell Lymphoma
- Caused by HTLV 1
- Japan, West Africa, Caribbean
- Present with cutaneous lesions
- Aggressive
1 min
Hodgkin Lymphoma Signs & Symptoms
- Signs and Symptoms
- Localized Single Group of Lymph Nodes
- Contiguous Spread
- Constitutional B Symptoms
- Low-Grade Fever
- Night Sweats
- Weight Loss
2 mins
Hodgkin Lymphoma Pathophysiology
- Pathophysiology
- Reed-Sternberg Cells
- Binucleate
- Owl's Eyes Appearance
- CD 15 and CD 30
- B Cell Origin
- Bimodal Age Distribution
2 mins
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