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ID ~ Viral diseases
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
Characteristics
Enveloped
Double Stranded DNA
Linear
Signs and Symptoms
Type 1 HSV
Gingivostomatitis
Keratoconjunctivitis
Encephalitis of Temporal Lobes
Latent in Trigeminal Ganglia
Type 2 HSV
Genital Vesicles
Neonatal Herpes
TORCHES
Latent in Sacral Ganglia
Diagnosis
Tzanck Test
Multinucleated Giant Cells
Cowdry A Inclusions
Treatment
Acyclovir
2 mins
Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)
Herpesvirus 3
Characteristics
Enveloped
Double Stranded DNA
Signs and Symptoms
Chickenpox
Pneumonia
Encephalitis
Trigeminal and Dorsal Root Ganglia
Shingles
Diagnosis
Tzanck Test
Multinucleated Giant Cells
Cowdry A Inclusion
Treatment
Acyclovir
2 mins
Roseola
Exanthem
Herpesvirus 6
Enveloped
Double Stranded DNA
Linear
Signs and Symptoms
High Fevers Can Lead to Seizures
Diffuse Macular Rash After Fever
1 min
Exanthema Subitum (Roseola Infantum)
Mechanism
Human Herpesvirus Type 6
Signs and Symptoms
Sudden High Fever
Maculopapular, Nonpruritic Rash
Considerations
Febrile Seizures
Tepid Baths
Ibuprofen
Acetaminophen
2 mins
Influenza Virus
Characteristics
RNA Virus
Orthomyxovirus
Enveloped
Negative Sense
8 Segments
Helical
Hemagglutinin for Viral Entry
Neuraminidase for Virion Release
Genetic Shift
Reassortment of genome to cause major change
Genetic Drift
Minor Antigenic Mutations
Considerations
Reye Syndrome with Aspirin Use
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
3 mins
Rhinovirus
Picornavirus
Cause of Common Cold
More than 100 Serologic Types
Destroyed by Stomach Acid
32 secs
Coronavirus
Characteristics
RNA Virus
Enveloped
Helical
SS Positive Linear
Symptoms
Common Cold
SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)
1 min
Adenovirus
Characteristics
Non-enveloped
Icosahedral
Linear
Double Stranded DNA
Signs and Symptoms
Pharyngitis
Conjunctivitis
Fever
Summer Swimming
Day Care Centers
Acute Hemorrhagic Cystitis
Pneumonia
1 min
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Assessment
Mechanism
Viral Infection Affecting Epithelial Cells
Signs and Symptoms
Begins After a Upper Respiratory Infection
Copious Secretions
Coughing and Sneezing
Wheezing
Otitis Media or Conjunctivitis (Possible Ear or Eye Drainage)
Poor Feeding
Tachypnea
2 mins
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Interventions
Prophylaxis
Palivizumab (Synagis)
Management
Hospitalization
Contact Precautions
Oxygen
Separate Room
Maintain Fluid Intake
Short-acting Beta-Agonist Bronchodilator
2 mins
Paramyxovirus
Characteristics
Enveloped
RNA Virus
Helical
SS Negative Linear
Nonsegmented
Surface Fusion Protein Causes Multinucleated Cells
Presentation
Measles
Mumps
Bronchiolitis in Babies
Viruses
Parainfluenza
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
2 mins
Mumps Virus
Characteristics
Paramyxovirus
Signs and Symptoms
Parotitis
Increased Serum Amylase
Orchitis
Oophoritis
Aseptic Meningitis
Pancreatitis
59 secs
Parainfluenza Virus
Characteristics
Paramyxovirus
Signs and Symptoms
Croup
Barking Seal Cough
Inspiratory Stridor
Steeple Sign
2 mins
Parvovirus B19
Characteristics
DNA
Single Stranded
Linear
Smallest DNA virus
Non-enveloped
Signs and Symptoms
5th Disease
Slapped Cheek Rash in Children
Erythema Infectiosum
Hydrops Fetalis
RBC aplasia
Arthritis in Adults
Aplastic Crisis in Sickle Cell
Myocarditis
2 mins
Erythema Infectiosum (Fifths Disease)
Mechanism
Human Parvovirus B19
Signs and Symptoms
Cold-like Symptoms
Three Stage Rash
Slapped Face
Maculopapular Red Spots on Trunk
Rash Reappears
Considerations
Aplastic Crisis
Joint Pain and Swelling
2 mins
Rubella
Characteristics
RNA Virus
Matonaviridae
Enveloped
Icosahedral
SS Positive Linear
Signs and Symptoms
German Measles or Three-Day Measles
Fever
Postauricular Tenderness
Lymphadenopathy
Truncal Rash
Arthritis
Congenital TORCH Infection
2 mins
Rubeola Virus
Characteristics
RNA Virus
Paramyxovirus
Signs and Symptoms
Measles
Rash Spreads From Head to Toe
Koplik Spots First
Red Spots with Blue-White Center on Buccal Mucosa
Cough
Coryza
Conjunctivitis
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
Giant Cell Pneumonia in Immunosuppressed Patients
Warthin-Finkeldey Multinucleated Giant Cells
Treatment
Vitamin A
3 mins
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Characteristics
Enveloped
Double Stranded DNA
Herpesvirus 5
Diagnosis
Non Heterophile Antibodies
Owl's eye inclusions
Signs and Symptoms
Congenital TORCH infection
Mononucleosis
Pneumonia
AIDS retinitis and esophagitis
Infection in transplant recipients
2 mins
Epstein Barr Virus
Characteristics
Herpesvirus 4
Double Stranded DNA
Linear
Enveloped
Signs and Symptoms
Infectious Mononucleosis
Virus Attaches to CD21 in B Cells
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Burkitt's Lymphoma
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
1 min
Epstein Barr Virus Mononucleosis
Mononucleosis
Fever
Hepatomegaly
Splenomegaly
Pharyngitis
Posterior Cervical Lymphadenopathy
Atypical Lymphocytes
Heterophile Antibodies
Rash Develops if treated with Ampicillin
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
2 mins
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