Allyson Shared "Reproductive" - 30 Picmonics
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Reproductive
Kallman Syndrome
- Mutation in KAL-1 or FGFR-1 Gene
- Failure of GnRH Secreting Neurons
- Delayed Puberty
- Anosmia
- Hypogonadism
- Infertility
2 mins
Klinefelter's Syndrome
- Pathophysiology
- Male (XXY)
- Signs and Symptoms
- Eunuchoid Body Shape
- Gynecomastia and Female Hair Distribution
- Testicular Atrophy
- Dysgenesis of Seminiferous Tubules
- Possible Developmental Delay
- Hypogonadism
- Decreased Inhibin B
- Increased FSH
- Abnormal Leydig Cell Function
- Decreased Testosterone
- Increased LH
- Increased Estrogen
- Barr body (inactivated X chromosome)
6 mins
Turner Syndrome
- Signs and Symptoms
- Female (XO)
- Short stature
- Shield Chest
- Cystic Hygroma (Webbing of Neck)
- Lymphedema in Hands and Feet
- Ovarian Dysgenesis
- Streak Ovary
- Decreased Estrogen
- Increased FSH
- Increased LH
- Dysgerminoma
- Bicuspid Aortic Valve
- Preductal Coarctation of the Aorta
- Horseshoe Kidney
- Menopause before Menarche
- Amenorrhea
5 mins
Endometriosis Characteristics
- Endometrial Tissue Outside of Uterus
- Glands and Stroma
- Most Common in Ovary, Pelvis, Peritoneum and Bowels
- "Chocolate Cyst" in Ovary
- Adenomyosis
- Theories
- Retrograde Flow
- Metaplastic Transformation
- Mullerianosis
2 mins
Endometriosis Symptoms and Treatment
- Symptoms
- Dysmenorrhea
- Cyclic Pelvic Pain
- Dyschezia
- Dysuria
- Dyspareunia
- 30-40% are Infertile
- Treatment
- Surgery
- NSAIDs
- OCPs
- Progesterone (Progestins)
- GnRH Agonists
1 min
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
- Mechanism
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- Chlamydia Trachomatis
- Symptoms
- Cervical Motion Tenderness
- Chandelier Sign
- Salpingitis
- Tubo-ovarian abscess
- Hydrosalpinx
- Complications
- Ectopic Pregnancy
- Infertility
- Adhesions
- Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome
2 mins
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) Mechanism
- Mechanism
- Hyperinsulinemia Increases GnRH Pulse Frequency
- Large Increase in LH
- Small Decrease in FSH
- Increased Androgen Production From Theca-Lutein Cells
- Decreased Steroid Hormone-Binding-Globulin (SHBG) Causes Increased Free Testosterone
- Obese Patients Have Increased Estrogen
- Increased Risk of Endometrial Cancer
2 mins
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) Symptoms and Diagnosis
- Symptoms
- Most Common Cause of Infertility in Women
- Amenorrhea
- Acne
- Hirsutism
- Obesity
- Diagnosis
- Enlarged, Cystic Ovaries
- LH:FSH Ratio of 3:1
- "String of Pearls" on Ultrasound
1 min
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) Treatment
- Weight Loss
- Oral Contraceptives
- Clomiphene Citrate
- Anti-androgens
- Cyclic Progesterone for Endometrial Protection
- Metformin
1 min
Ectopic Pregnancy
- Signs and Symptoms
- Lower Abdominal Pain
- Delayed Menses
- Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding
- Shock
- Referred Shoulder Pain
- Cullen Sign
- Considerations
- Methotrexate
- Surgery
- RhoGAM
2 mins
Postpartum Hemorrhage
- Mechanism
- Uterine Atony
- Lacerations
- Retained Placenta
- Signs and Symptoms
- Bleeding
- Hypotension
- Boggy Uterus
- Considerations
- Oxytocin
- Bimanual Compression of Uterus
- Surgery
- Blood Transfusion
2 mins
Ovarian Cystadenoma
- Non-germ cell tumor
- Serous
- Unilocular
- Bilateral
- Mucinous
- Multilocular
- Benign
- Most Common
49 secs
Choriocarcinoma
- Germ-cell tumor
- Trophoblastic tissue
- Hematogenous spread to lungs
- Malignant
- Theca-lutein cysts
- Hydatidiform Mole
- hCG
59 secs
Ovarian Cystadenocarcinoma
- Non-germ Cell Tumor
- Mucinous
- Peritoneal Spread
- Serous
- Psammoma Bodies
- Bilateral
- Malignant
- Stromal Invasion
- CA 125
- BRCA-1 and Lynch Syndrome
1 min
Fibromas
- Non-germ cell tumor
- Meigs Syndrome
- Thecoma
- Pulling sensation in groin
- Spindle-shaped fibroblasts
44 secs
Granulosa Cell Tumor
- Granulosa Cells
- Non-germ cell tumor
- Endometrial Carcinoma
- Call-Exner bodies
- Estrogen producing
- Precocious Puberty
43 secs
Teratoma
- Germ-cell Tumor
- Dermoid Cyst (Benign and Mature Teratoma)
- Immature Teratoma (Malignant)
- Struma Ovarii
2 mins
Fibroadenoma
- Most Common Benign Breast Tumor
- Stromal Tumor
- Presentation
- Women under 40
- Small, firm mass
- Sharp Edges
- Increased tenderness and size with Estrogen
- Management
- Biopsy
1 min
Oxytocin (Pitocin)
- Mechanism of Action
- Increase Uterine Contractions
- Indications
- Labor Induction
- Control Postpartum Hemorrhage
- Side Effects
- Uterine Rupture
- Water Intoxication
- Contraindications
- Fetal Lung Immaturity
- Cervix Not Ripened
- Active Genital Herpes Infection
- Considerations
- Use Lowest Dose
- IV Pump
3 mins
Menopause Lab Findings
- Decreased Estrogen
- Lack of Negative Feedback
- Increased FSH
- Increased LH
- Increased GnRH
- Small Amount of Estrogen From Androgen Conversion
- Increased Androgens = Hirsutism
1 min
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