Andrew Shared "Renal" - 18 Picmonics
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Renal
Nephrotic Syndrome
- Signs and Symptoms
- Massive Proteinuria > 3.5g per Day
- Edema
- Increased risk of infection
- Thromboembolism
- Hyperlipidemia
- Fatty casts
1 min
Membranous Glomerulonephritis
- Characteristics
- Nephrotic
- Diagnosis
- LM Thickening of Capillary and Glomerular Basement Membrane (GBM)
- EM Spike and Dome Appearance with Subepithelial Deposits
- IF Granular
- Primary
- Phospholipase A2 Receptor Autoantibodies
- Secondary
- NSAIDS
- Gold
- Solid Tumors
- Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
- Lupus
3 mins
Minimal Change Disease
- Pathophysiology
- Nephrotic
- Most Common in Children
- May be Triggered by Recent Infection or Immune Stimulus
- Diagnosis
- On Electron Microscopy (EM) See Foot Process (Podocyte) Effacement
- On Light Microscopy (LM) See Normal Glomeruli
- Loss of Negative Charge
- Selective Loss of Albumin
- Treatment
- Responds to Corticosteroids
2 mins
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
- Most Common Cause of Nephrotic Syndrome in Hispanic People and African Americans
- Associated with Sickle Cell Disease and HIV
- Associated Interferon Therapy and Heroin Abuse
- Histopathology
- LM Segmental Sclerosis and Hyalinosis
- EM Focal Damage of Visceral Epithelial Cells
- IF Negative
- Signs & Symptoms
- Microscopic Hematuria
- Nonselective Proteinuria
- Considerations
- Poor Prognosis
2 mins
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis
- Nephritic-Nephrotic Syndrome
- Type I
- Subendothelial Immune Complexes
- Hepatitis C Virus
- Granular IF
- Tram Tracks Caused by Splitting of the GBM
- Ingrowth of Mesangium
- Type II
- Dense Deposit Disease
- C3 Nephritic Factor
2 mins
Diabetic Glomerulonephropathy
- Pathophysiology
- Nonenzymatic Glycosylation of Glomerular Basement Membrane
- Nonenzymatic Glycosylation of Arterioles
- Hyperfiltration
- Increased GFR
- Histological Findings
- Hyaline Arteriolosclerosis
- Mesangial Expansion
- Type IV Collagen Deposition
- Kimmelstiel Wilson Lesions
- Presentation
- Nephrotic
2 mins
Amyloidosis
- Etiologies
- Primary
- Multiple Myeloma
- Secondary
- Tuberculosis (TB)
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Pathology
- Congo Red Stain
- Apple Green Birefringence
- Complications
- Nephrotic Syndrome
2 mins
Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
- Most Common Childhood Vasculitis
- Follows Pharyngeal or Respiratory Infection
- Palpable Purpura on Legs and Buttocks
- Arthralgia
- Intestinal Hemorrhage
- Black Stool (Melena)
- Associated with IgA Nephropathy
2 mins
Berger's Disease (IgA Nephropathy)
- Nephritic
- IgA Nephropathy
- Immune Complex Deposit in Mesangium
- Increased Synthesis of IgA
- Most Common Cause of Nephritic Syndrome
- Overlapping Features with Henoch–Schönlein Purpura
- Presents with Pharyngitis, URI or Acute Gastroenteritis
1 min
Casts in Urine (Differential Diagnosis)
- Characteristics
- RBC Casts
- Glomerular Disease
- WBC Casts
- Acute Interstitial Nephritis
- Acute Pyelonephritis
- Fatty Casts
- Maltese Cross Sign
- Nephrotic Syndrome
- Granular Muddy Brown Casts
- Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)
- Waxy Casts
- End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) (Chronic Renal Failure)
- Hyaline Casts
- Non-Specific
2 mins
Fanconi Syndrome Characteristics
- Pathophysiology
- Resorption Defect in Proximal Tubule
- Signs and Symptoms
- Hypophosphatemia
- Rickets
- Osteomalacia
- Hypokalemia
- Metabolic Acidosis
- Type 2 Renal Tubular Acidosis
- Treatment
- Treat Underlying Disorder
- Bicarbonate
1 min
Fanconi Syndrome Causes
- Hereditary Causes
- Cystinosis
- Dent's Disease
- Wilson's Disease
- Oculocerebrorenal (Lowe) Syndrome
- Galactosemia
- Hereditary Fructose Intolerance
- Glycogen Storage Diseases
- Tyrosinemia
- Acquired and Medication Causes
- Tenofovir
- Heavy Metals
- Expired Tetracyclines
- Cisplatin
- Gentamycin (Aminoglycosides)
- Valproate Sodium
- Multiple Myeloma
2 mins
Wilms' Tumor (Nephroblastoma)
- Cause
- Malignant Renal Tumor
- Assessment
- Abdominal Mass
- Hematuria
- Fever
- Hypertension
- Interventions
- Nephrectomy
- Chemotherapy
- Radiation
- Considerations
- Do Not Palpate Abdomen
- Children Under 5 Years Old
2 mins
Alport Syndrome
- Pathophysiology
- Nephritic
- X-linked
- Mutation in Type IV Collagen
- Diagnosis
- Split Basement Membrane
- Basket Weave Appearance
- Signs and Symptoms
- Ocular Disorders
- Deafness
2 mins
Von Hippel-Lindau Disease
- Pathophysiology
- Chromosome 3
- Presentation
- Hemangioblastomas
- Medulla, Retina, Cerebellum
- Cysts
- Kidney, Liver, Pancreas
- Develop Bilateral Renal Carcinomas
- Pheochromocytomas
2 mins
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis
- Pathogenesis
- Nephritic Syndrome
- Crescent Shape
- Crescents Consist of Fibrin and C3b
- With Parietal Cells, Monocytes, and Macrophages
- IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE
- Linear Immunofluorescence
- Negative Immunofluorescence
- Granular Immunofluorescence
- Etiology
- Goodpasture Syndrome
- Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Formerly Wegener's)
- Microscopic Polyangiitis
- Prognosis
- Poor Prognosis
3 mins
Anti-glomerular Basement Membrane Antibodies
- Glomerulonephritis
- Goodpasture's Disease
- Linear immunofluorescence
- Hemoptysis
- Hematuria
1 min
Post Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis
- Pathophysiology
- Nephritic
- Children
- Signs and Symptoms
- Edema
- Cola Colored Urine
- Follows Group A Streptococcal pharyngitis or Skin Infection
- Diagnosis
- Neutrophils
- Immunofluorescence (IF) Granular
- Lumpy Bumpy Appearance on Immunofluorescence (IF)
- Subepithelial Immune Complex Humps
2 mins
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