Michael Shared "2015 Study Guide Neurology" - 115 Picmonics
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2015 Study Guide Neurology
Neuron Action Potential Initiation
Characteristics
Summation of Signals
-50 mV Threshold Value Reached
Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels Open
Local Depolarization
Na+ Influx
Potassium Channels open
Repolarization
2 mins
Neuron Action Potential Propagation
Characteristics
Unidirectional Depolarization
Absolute Refractory Period In Preceding Na+ Channels
Neighboring Voltage Gate Channels Open
Nodes of Ranvier
Myelination Increases Propagation Speed
Saltatory Conduction
3 mins
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Characteristics
Frontal Lobe
Parietal Lobe
Temporal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
Medulla Oblongata
Cerebellum
Pons
Spinal Cord
Dorsal Root Ganglia
Grey Matter
White Matter
2 mins
Huntington's Disease
Pathophysiology
Autosomal Dominant
Trinucleotide Repeat
CAG Repeats
Chromosome 4
Anticipation
Caudate
Decrease of ACh
Decrease of GABA
Signs and Symptoms
Chorea
Dementia
Depression
Glutamate Toxicity
Neuronal Death via NMDA Binding
3 mins
Kluver-Bucy Syndrome
Bilateral Amygdala Lesion
Associated with HSV-1
Hyperorality
Hypersexuality
Disinhibited Behavior
1 min
Circle of Willis
Characteristics
Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA) Supplies Motor/Sensory Parts of the Cortex for Lower Extremities
Anterior Communicating Artery (Acomm) Connects ACA to ACA
Internal Carotid Arteries (ICA)
Middle Cerebral Arteries (MCA) Supply Cortex for Upper Limbs and Face
Posterior Communicating Artery (Pcomm) Connects ICA to PCA
Contralateral loss of sensation of upper limb and face
Affects Wernicke's area and Broca's area
Aphasia if Lesion in Dominant (Left) Hemisphere
Hemineglect if lesion in nondominant (right) hemisphere
1 min
Anterior Cerebral Artery
Contralateral paralysis of lower limb
Contralateral loss of sensation in lower limb
1 min
Epidural Hematoma
Mechanism
Middle Meningeal Artery Rupture
Temporal Bone Fracture
Hematoma Between Skull And Dura Mater
Transtentorial Herniation
Lucid Interval
Imaging
Lens-shaped on CT
Does Not Cross Suture Lines
Treatment
Craniotomy
1 min
Subdural Hematoma
Mechanism
Tear of Bridging Veins
Slow Bleeding, Over Time
Imaging
Subdural Space
Crescent-shaped on CT
Crosses Suture Lines
Midline Shift
Causes
Elderly
Whiplash
Abusive Head Trauma (Shaken Baby Syndrome)
2 mins
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Bleeding into Subarachnoid Space
Mechanisms
Trauma
Aneurysm Rupture
AVM Rupture
Vasospasm causes Ischemia
Signs & Symptoms
"Worst Headache Of My Life"
Diagnosis
Noncontrast Head CT
Lumbar Puncture
Angiography
Considerations
Surgery
Blood Pressure Control
Intracranial Pressure Control
Nimodipine for Vasospasm Prophylaxis
3 mins
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Acute Loss of Lumbar Plexus Function
Surgical Emergency
Saddle Anesthesia
Causes
Inflammatory Disorders
Spinal Stenosis
Trauma
Lesions
Symptoms
Urinary and Fecal Incontinence
Sciatica
Diagnosis
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Clinical
1 min
Posterior Column (Dorsal Column)
Ascending Pathway (Sensory)
Sensations
Proprioception
Fine Touch
Pressure
Vibration Sensation
Anatomy
Dorsal Root
Fasciculus Cuneatus
Arms
Fasciculus Gracilis
Lower Limbs
Lesions
Vitamin B12 Deficiency
Tabes Dorsalis
2 mins
Spinothalamic Tracts
Ascending Pathway (Sensory)
Lateral
Temperature
Pain
Anterior
Crude Touch
Pressure
Decussates at Anterior White Commisure
Lesion
Contralateral Anesthesia
2 mins
Friedreich's Ataxia
Trinucleotide Repeat
GAA Repeat
Frataxin
Mitochondrial Dysfunction
Autosomal Recessive
Hammertoes
High Arches
Kyphoscoliosis
Lateral Corticospinal Tract
Posterior Column
Spinocerebellar Tract
Type I Diabetes Mellitus
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
1 min
Dermatomes - Cervical
C2 - Posterior Cap Distribution
C3 - High Turtleneck
C4 - Low Collar Shirt
C5 - Anterolateral Shoulder
C6 - Thumb
C7 - Middle Finger
C8 - Pinky Finger
1 min
Dermatomes - Thoracic
Characteristics
T1 - Medial Arm
T4 - Nipple
T7 - Xiphoid
T10 - Belly Button
T12 - Pubis
58 secs
Dermatomes - Lumbosacral
L2 - Medial Thigh
L3 - Medial Knee
L4 - Kneecap, Medial Ankle, and Big Toe
L5 - Dorsum of Foot
S1 - Lateral Foot, Posteriolateral Thigh
S 2, 3, 4, 5 - Perianal and Genitals
2 mins
Pinealoma
Pathophysiology
Melatonin
Superior Colliculi
Obstructs Cerebral Aqueduct
Signs and Symptoms
Obstructive Hydrocephalus
Vomiting
Parinaud's Syndrome
Paralysis of Upward Gaze
Setting Sun Sign
Increased Beta-hCG
Precocious Puberty
2 mins
CN I
Olfactory Nerve
Sensory
Smell
36 secs
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