John Shared "Block 1 - 4th Semester" - 99 Picmonics
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Block 1 - 4th Semester
11 Beta-Hydroxylase Deficiency
- Pathophysiology
- Decreased Cortisol
- Decreased Aldosterone
- Increased Sex Hormones
- Increased 11 Deoxycorticosterone (11 DOC)
- Signs and Symptoms
- Hypertension
- Masculinization
1 min
17 Alpha Hydroxylase Deficiency
- Decreased Cortisol
- Decreased Sex Hormones
- Increased Mineralocorticoids (DOC)
- Hypertension
- Hypokalemia
- XY Externally Phenotypic Female
- No Internal Reproductive Structures Due to Mullerian Inhibitory Factor
- XX Externally Phenotypic Female
- Sexual Infantilism
2 mins
21 Hydroxylase Deficiency
- Pathophysiology
- Decreased Cortisol
- Increased 17 Hydroxyprogesterone
- Decreased Aldosterone
- Signs and Symptoms
- Hypotension
- Increased Renin
- Hyperkalemia
- Female Pseudohermaphroditism
2 mins
APGAR Score
- 1 and 5 Minutes
- Appearance
- Pulse
- Grimace
- Activity and Muscle Tone
- Respiration
- Total Scores
- Gentle Stimulation
- Oxygen
2 mins
Abruptio Placentae
- Mechanism
- Premature Separation of Placenta
- Assessment
- Tearing Pain
- Bleeding (Often Concealed)
- Rigid Uterus
- Contractions
- Interventions
- Corticosteroids as Needed
- Emergent Delivery
- Considerations
- Increased Risks for Neonate
- Rh (Rhesus) Incompatibilities
- Increased Risk for Shock
- Monitor Fetal Heart Rate
3 mins
Age 1 Year - Developmental Milestones
- Gross Motor
- Pulls Up to Stand
- First Steps
- Fine Motor
- Drinks From an Open Cup with Assistance
- Two-Finger Pincer Grasp
- Language/Communication
- Understands “No”
- Waves "Bye-Bye"
- "Mama & Dada"
- Social / Cognitive
- Plays Pat-A-Cake
- Puts Block in Cup
- Searches for Hidden Toys
2 mins
Age 18 Months - Developmental Milestones
- Gross Motor
- Walks Independently
- Climbs On/Off Furniture Without Help
- Fine Motor
- Drinks from Open Cup Independently
- Scribbles
- Eats with Fingers
- Tries to Use a Spoon
- Stacks Three Blocks
- Language/Communication
- Attempts Three-word Phrases
- Follows One-step Commands
- Social / Cognitive
- Checks While Moving Away
- Points to Objects
- Engages With Toys Simply
- Copies Parent Doing Chores
- Extends Hands for Washing
2 mins
Age 2 Months - Developmental Milestones
- Gross Motor
- Holds Head Up, But Unsteady
- Moves Both Arms and Both Legs
- Fine Motor
- Opens Hands Briefly
- Tracks Objects to the Midline
- Language/Communication
- Produces Sounds Aside from Crying
- Reacts to Loud Noise
- Social / Cognitive
- Social Smile
- Recognizes Parents
- Soothed When Spoken to or Picked Up
2 mins
Age 2 Years - Developmental Milestones
- Gross Motor
- Kicks a Ball
- Runs
- Walks Up Stairs With Help
- Fine Motor
- Stacks Six Blocks
- Feeds Self With a Spoon
- Language / Communication
- Two-Word Phrases
- Points to Book Items as Prompted
- Demonstrates Varied Gestures
- Identifies Body Parts When Prompted
- Social / Cognitive
- Shows Empathy
- Holds and Manipulates Objects Simultaneously
- Engages With Multiple Toys
2 mins
Age 3 Years - Developmental Milestones
- Gross Motor
- Starts Dressing Independently
- Rides Tricycle
- Fine Motor
- Stack Nine Block Tower
- Threads Items Together
- Copies Circle
- Uses Fork
- Language / Communication
- Engages in Two-way Conversation
- 75% Speech Understood by Stranger
- Says First Name
- Social / Cognitive
- Avoids Hot Objects When Warned
- Joins Other Kids in Play
2 mins
Age 4 Months - Developmental Milestones
- Gross Motor
- Keeps Head Steady Without Support
- Pushes Up on Elbows While on Tummy
- Fine Motor
- Holds a Toy in Hands
- Moves Hands Towards Mouth
- Language/Communication
- Cooing
- Turns to Voice
- Social / Cognitive
- Chuckles
- Enjoys Looking Around
- Looks at Hands With Interest
- Opens Mouth When Hungry
2 mins
Age 4 Years - Developmental Milestones
- Gross Motor
- Unbuttons Some Buttons
- Catches a Large Ball
- Serves Food or Pours Water With Help
- Fine Motor
- Copies Line, Circle, Stick Figure
- Language / Communication
- 100% Speech Understandable
- Identifies Colors
- Social/ Cognitive
- Cooperative Play
- Imaginary Friends
- Likes Being a “Helper”
- Avoids Danger
2 mins
Age 6 Months - Developmental Milestones
- Gross Motor
- Sits Propped Up On Hands
- Rolls
- Fine Motor
- Raking Grasp
- Language/Communication
- Makes Squealing Noises
- Blows "Raspberries"
- Turn-Taking in Sounds
- Social / Cognitive
- Laughs
- Enjoys Looking at Self in a Mirror
- Recognizes Familiar People
- Closes Lips to Signal Fullness
- Puts Objects in Mouth
- Reaches for Desired Toys
2 mins
Age 9 Months - Developmental Milestones
- Gross Motor
- Sits Up Independently
- Fine Motor
- Transfers Objects Between Hands
- Uses Fingers to Pull Food Toward Self
- Language/Communication
- Produces Various Sounds Like "mamamama" and "bababababa"
- Raises Arms to be Lifted Up
- Social / Cognitive
- Separation Anxiety
- Shows Facial Expressions
- Looks When Calling Name
- Smiles or Laughs at Peek-a-boo
- Looks for Dropped Objects Out of Sight
- Bangs Two Items Together
2 mins
Androgen Insensitivity (Complete)
- Defect in Androgen Receptor
- Phenotypically Female
- (46, XY)
- Female External Genitalia
- Rudimentary Vagina
- Scant Sexual Hair
- Testes Often in Labia Majora
- Testes Surgically Removed to Prevent Malignancy
- Increased Estrogen, Testosterone, and LH
- Absent Uterus and Fallopian Tubes
3 mins
Anterior Cerebral Artery
- Contralateral paralysis of lower limb
- Contralateral loss of sensation in lower limb
1 min
Autonomic Nervous System
- Characteristics
- Sympathetic Nervous System
- Fight or Flight
- All Preganglionic Neurons Release Acetylcholine
- Sympathetic Postganglionic Neurons Release Norepinephrine
- Antagonistic Effects of Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous Systems
- Parasympathetic Nervous System
- Rest and Digest
- Parasympathetic Postganglionic Neurons Release Acetylcholine
2 mins
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Diagnosis and Treatment
- Diagnosis
- Digital Rectal Exam
- Urinalysis to Detect Infection or Blood
- Treatment
- Alpha-1 Antagonists
- Tamsulosin
- 5 Alpha Reductase Inhibitors
- Finasteride
- TURP (Transurethral Resection of Prostate)
1 min
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Disease
- Mechanism and Characteristics
- DHT-induced Growth Factors
- Common in Men > 50 Years Old
- Smooth, Symmetric, Firm Enlargement
- Affects Lateral and Middle (Periurethral) Gland
- Urethra Compression
- Symptoms and Complications
- Increased Urinary Frequency
- Nocturia
- Dysuria
- Urinary Tract Infection
- Hydronephrosis
1 min
Breast Cancer Diagnosis
- Mammography
- Ultrasound
- MRI for High Risk Patients
- Confirmed with Biopsy
- Considerations
- Lymph Node Involvement
- Receptor Positivity
- Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors
- HER-2
2 mins
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