John Shared "Block 1 - 4th Semester" - 99 Picmonics
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Block 1 - 4th Semester
11 Beta-Hydroxylase Deficiency
- Pathophysiology
- Decreased Cortisol
- Decreased Aldosterone
- Increased Sex Hormones
- Increased 11 Deoxycorticosterone (11 DOC)
- Signs and Symptoms
- Hypertension
- Masculinization
1 min
17 Alpha Hydroxylase Deficiency
- Decreased Cortisol
- Decreased Sex Hormones
- Increased Mineralocorticoids (DOC)
- Hypertension
- Hypokalemia
- XY Externally Phenotypic Female
- No Internal Reproductive Structures Due to Mullerian Inhibitory Factor
- XX Externally Phenotypic Female
- Sexual Infantilism
2 mins
21 Hydroxylase Deficiency
- Pathophysiology
- Decreased Cortisol
- Increased 17 Hydroxyprogesterone
- Decreased Aldosterone
- Signs and Symptoms
- Hypotension
- Increased Renin
- Hyperkalemia
- Female Pseudohermaphroditism
2 mins
APGAR Score
- 1 and 5 Minutes
- Appearance
- Pulse
- Grimace
- Activity and Muscle Tone
- Respiration
- Total Scores
- Gentle Stimulation
- Oxygen
2 mins
Abruptio Placentae
- Mechanism
- Premature Separation of Placenta
- Assessment
- Tearing Pain
- Bleeding (Often Concealed)
- Rigid Uterus
- Contractions
- Interventions
- Corticosteroids as Needed
- Emergent Delivery
- Considerations
- Increased Risks for Neonate
- Rh (Rhesus) Incompatibilities
- Increased Risk for Shock
- Monitor Fetal Heart Rate
3 mins
Age 1 Year - Developmental Milestones
- Gross Motor
- Stands Well
- First Steps
- Throws Ball
- Points to Objects
- Babinski Reflex Disappears
- Fine Motor
- Two-Finger Pincer Grasp
- Language
- "Mama & Dada"
- Social / Cognitive
- One-Step Commands with Gesture
2 mins
Age 18 Months - Developmental Milestones
- Gross Motor
- Climbs Up Stairs
- Runs
- Fine Motor
- Stacks Three Blocks
- Eats with Spoon
- Removes Clothing
- Language
- 10-25 Word Vocabulary
- Social / Cognitive
- āMineā
- Pretend Play
2 mins
Age 2 Months - Developmental Milestones
- Gross Motor
- Holds Head Up, But Unsteady
- Fine Motor
- Tracks Objects to the Midline
- Language
- Coos
- Social / Cognitive
- Social Smile
- Recognizes Parents
1 min
Age 2 Years - Developmental Milestones
- Gross Motor
- Jumps
- Fine Motor
- Copies a Line
- Stacks Six Blocks
- Turns Pages
- Language
- Two-Word Phrases
- Half of Speech is Understandable
- 200 Words by Age 2
- Social / Cognitive
- Parallel Play
- Begins Toilet Training
- Rapprochement
2 mins
Age 3 Years - Developmental Milestones
- Gross Motor
- Walks Up/Down Steps with Alternating Feet
- Rides Tricycle
- Fine Motor
- Stack Nine Block Tower
- Copies Circle
- Uses Utensils
- Language
- Three-Word Sentences
- 75% Speech Understood by Stranger
- Social / Cognitive
- Knows Gender / Age
2 mins
Age 4 Months - Developmental Milestones
- Gross Motor
- Sits With Support
- Rooting Reflex Disappears
- Moro Reflex Disappears
- Fine Motor
- Reaches Across Midline
- Language
- Turns to Voice
- Laughs
- Social / Cognitive
- Enjoys Looking Around
2 mins
Age 4 Years - Developmental Milestones
- Gross Motor
- Hop on One Foot
- Fine Motor
- Copies Square
- Uses Fork Well
- Language
- 100% Speech Understandable
- Identifies Colors
- Social/ Cognitive
- Cooperative Play
- Imaginary Friends
2 mins
Age 6 Months - Developmental Milestones
- Gross Motor
- Palmar Reflex Disappears
- Sits Propped Up On Hands
- Rolls
- Fine Motor
- Transfers Objects Hands to Hands
- Raking Grasp
- Language
- Babbles
- Responds to Name
- Social / Cognitive
- Stranger Anxiety Develops
2 mins
Age 9 Months - Developmental Milestones
- Gross Motor
- Pulls to Stand
- Starts Cruising
- Fine Motor
- Three-Finger Pincer Grasp
- Holds Bottle or Cup
- Language
- Starts Sounding "Mama" or "Dada"
- Social / Cognitive
- Waves Bye
- Separation Anxiety
- Plays Pat-A-Cake
2 mins
Androgen Insensitivity (Complete)
- Defect in Androgen Receptor
- Phenotypically Female
- (46, XY)
- Female External Genitalia
- Rudimentary Vagina
- Scant Sexual Hair
- Testes Often in Labia Majora
- Testes Surgically Removed to Prevent Malignancy
- Increased Estrogen, Testosterone, and LH
- Absent Uterus and Fallopian Tubes
3 mins
Anterior Cerebral Artery
- Contralateral paralysis of lower limb
- Contralateral loss of sensation in lower limb
1 min
Autonomic Nervous System
- Characteristics
- Sympathetic Nervous System
- Fight or Flight
- All Preganglionic Neurons Release Acetylcholine
- Sympathetic Postganglionic Neurons Release Norepinephrine
- Antagonistic Effects of Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous Systems
- Parasympathetic Nervous System
- Rest and Digest
- Parasympathetic Postganglionic Neurons Release Acetylcholine
2 mins
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Diagnosis and Treatment
- Diagnosis
- Digital Rectal Exam
- Urinalysis to Detect Infection or Blood
- Treatment
- Alpha-1 Antagonists
- Tamsulosin
- 5 Alpha Reductase Inhibitors
- Finasteride
- TURP (Transurethral Resection of Prostate)
1 min
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) Disease
- Mechanism and Characteristics
- DHT-induced Growth Factors
- Common in Men > 50 Years Old
- Smooth, Symmetric, Firm Enlargement
- Affects Lateral and Middle (Periurethral) Gland
- Urethra Compression
- Symptoms and Complications
- Increased Urinary Frequency
- Nocturia
- Dysuria
- Urinary Tract Infection
- Hydronephrosis
1 min
Breast Cancer Diagnosis
- Mammography
- Ultrasound
- MRI for High Risk Patients
- Confirmed with Biopsy
- Considerations
- Lymph Node Involvement
- Receptor Positivity
- Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors
- HER-2
2 mins
