Nikki Shared "Exam 1 Cardiac" - 43 Picmonics
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Exam 1 Cardiac
Unstable Angina
- Assessment
- Chest Pain with Rest or Exertion
- Limits ADLs
- > 15 Minutes
- Less Likely Relieved by Nitroglycerin
- ST Depression
- Fatigue
- Considerations
- Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) Treatment
- Emergency Treatment
2 mins
Stable Angina
- Assessment
- Chest Pain with Exertion
- Relieved within 15 Minutes
- ST Depression
- Interventions
- Nitroglycerin
- Up to 3 Doses q 5 Minutes
- Rest
- Antiplatelet Medication
- CABG
- Angioplasty
2 mins
Myocardial Infarction Interventions
- MONA
- Morphine
- Oxygen
- Nitrates
- Aspirin
- Thrombolytics (tPA)
- Invasive Procedures
- Cardiac Catheterization
- Stent Placement
- Angioplasty
- Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG)
- Considerations
- Decrease Modifiable Risk Factors
- Resuming Activity (Physical, Sexual)
2 mins
Myocardial Infarction Assessment
- Assessment
- Substernal Chest Pain
- Crushing or Dull Sensation
- Arm, Jaw, and Neck
- > 20 Minutes
- Unrelieved by Nitro
- Palpitations
- Diaphoresis
- Fear of Impending Doom
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Shortness of Breath
- Considerations
- Monitor for Arrhythmias
2 mins
Myocardial Infarction Diagnosis
- Diagnosis
- 12 Lead ECG
- ST Elevation
- Q Wave
- T Wave Inversion
- Troponin T and I
- CK-MB
- Considerations
- Early ECG
- Cardiac Stress Test
2 mins
Blood Pressure Classification (JNC 7)
- Classifications
- Normal
- Systolic (<120)
- Diastolic (< 80)
- Prehypertension
- Systolic +20 (120-139)
- Diastolic +10 (80-89)
- Stage 1 Hypertension
- Systolic +20 (140-159)
- Diastolic +10 (90-99)
- Stage 2 Hypertension
- Systolic + > 20 (160)
- Diastolic + > 10 (100)
- Hypertensive Crisis
- Systolic > 180
- Diastolic > 110
4 mins
Hypertension Assessment
- Mechanism
- Essential Hypertension
- Secondary Hypertension
- Assessment
- Headache
- Vision Changes
- Nosebleed (Epistaxis)
- Chest Pain
- Syncope (Fainting)
- Diagnosis
- Average 2 Sets, 2 Minutes Apart
- After 2 or More Visits (within 1-4 weeks)
- Nursing Considerations
- Take BP Both Arms
- Common in African Americans
2 mins
Hypertension Intervention
- Lifestyle Modifications
- Weight Reduction and Exercise
- Diet Changes
- Relaxation Techniques
- Smoking Cessation
- Medications
- Encourage Self Monitoring
1 min
Hypertension Medications
- Diuretics
- ACE Inhibitors
- Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
- Beta Blockers
- Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blockers
2 mins
Primary Hypertension Risk Factors
- Excessive Alcohol Consumption
- High Sodium Diet
- Dyslipidemia
- Obesity
- People of African Descent
- Advanced Age
- Vitamin D Deficiency
- Reduced Nephron Number
- Diabetes
- Lack of Physical Activity
2 mins
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG)
- Indications
- ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI)
- Cardiovascular Disease (CAD)
- Uncontrolled Angina
- Considerations
- Internal Mammary Artery
- Saphenous (Leg) Vein
- Transient Limb Edema
- Closely Monitor Patients
- Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) Prophylaxis
- Incentive Spirometer
2 mins
Types of Heart Failure
- Left Sided
- Pulmonary Congestion
- Right Sided
- Peripheral Edema
- High Output
- Unable to Meet Metabolic Needs
1 min
Left Heart Failure Assessment
- Pulmonary Assessment
- Pulmonary Congestion
- Pink Frothy Sputum
- Wheezing or Crackles
- Dyspnea with Exertion
- Cough
- Systemic Assessment
- Fatigue
- Tachycardia
- Weak Peripheral Pulse
- S3, S4 Heart Sounds
1 min
Right Heart Failure Assessment
- Jugular Venous Distention (JVD)
- Peripheral Edema
- Hepatosplenomegaly
- Nocturia
- Weight Gain
- Ascites
- Fatigue
1 min
Heart Failure Interventions
- Diagnostic Tests
- Echocardiogram
- Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring
- Improve Gas Exchange
- High Fowler's Position
- Oxygen
- Advanced Airway
- Drugs and Devices
- Diuretics
- Beta Blockers
- Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
- ACE Inhibitors
- Digoxin (Lanoxin)
- Pacemaker
2 mins
Cardiac Enzyme Evaluation: Troponin
- Measures
- Cardiac Muscle Injury
- Time Ranges
- Detection in Blood: 4 Hours
- Peak: 24 - 36 Hours
- Return to Normal: 5 - 14 Days
- Considerations
- Most Specific for Cardiac Muscle
- Treat Aggressively
2 mins
Cardiac Catheterization
- Considerations
- Fluttering Sensation
- Contrast Media
- NPO 6-12 Hours
- After Procedure
- Bed Rest
- Assess Circulation
- Assess for Bleeding
- Monitor Vital Signs
2 mins
Cardiac Enzyme Evaluation: Creatine Kinase CK-MB
- Measures
- Skeletal or Cardiac Muscle Injury
- Time Ranges
- Onset: 4-8 Hours
- Peak: 12-24 Hours
- Return to Normal: 2-3 Days
1 min
Parts of an ECG
- PQRST
- P Wave
- Atrial Depolarization
- QRS Complex
- Ventricular Depolarization
- T Wave
- Ventricular Repolarization
2 mins
ECG Interpretation
- Rate
- Rhythm
- P Waves
- Upright, Rounded, Before Every QRS
- PR Interval (< 0.20 seconds)
- Normal QRS (< 0.12 seconds)
2 mins
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