Joshua Shared "Heme Test 2" - 19 Picmonics
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Heme Test 2
Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency
- Pathophysiology
- Autosomal Recessive
- Integrin CD18 Protein
- Defect in LFA-1
- Attached to ICAM
- Signs and Symptoms
- Neutrophilia
- Bacterial Infections
- Non-Pyogenic
- Delayed Separation of Umbilical Cord
2 mins
Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
- Pathophysiology
- Autosomal Recessive
- Defective Lysosomal Trafficking Regulator Gene (LYST)
- Defect In Microtubular Function
- Decrease In Phagocytosis
- Signs And Symptoms
- Recurrent Pyogenic Infections
- Staph Aureus And Streptococci
- Partial Albinism
- Peripheral Neuropathy
- Pancytopenia
- Diagnosis
- Giant Granules In Granulocytes And Platelets
2 mins
Chronic Granulomatous Disease
- Pathophysiology
- Most Commonly X-linked Recessive
- Defective NADPH Oxidase (Enzyme Complex)
- Decreased Hydrogen Peroxide
- Impaired Intracellular Killing in Phagocytes
- Signs and Symptoms
- Recurrent Purulent Skin and Lung Infections
- Catalase Positive Organisms
- Diagnosis
- Negative Nitroblue Tetrazolium Test
- DHR (Dihydrorhodamine) Flow Cytometry
- Treatment
- Antimicrobial Prophylaxis
- TMP-SMX
- Itraconazole
- Interferon-Gamma
3 mins
Bernard-Soulier Syndrome
- Mechanism
- Autosomal Recessive
- Deficiency of Glycoprotein Ib (GpIb) Receptor
- Symptoms
- Mucosal Membrane Bleeding
- Menorrhagia
- Easy Bruising
- Labs
- Large Platelets
- Increased Bleeding Time
- No Platelet Agglutination with Ristocetin
3 mins
Coagulation Cascade
- Secondary Hemostasis
- Intrinsic Pathway
- Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)
- Heparin
- Extrinsic Pathway
- Prothrombin Time (PT)
- Warfarin
- Common Pathway
- Thrombin
- Convert Fibrinogen to Fibrin
- Stabilizes the Platelet Plug
2 mins
Von Willebrand Disease
- Mixed platelet and coagulation disorder
- Mechanism
- Autosomal Dominant Condition Leading to Reduced vWF
- Defect in platelet plug formation
- Labs
- Increased Bleeding Time
- PTT increased
- Factor VIII decreased
- Normal platelet count
- Treatment
- DDAVP (synthetic vasopressin)
1 min
Vitamin K
- Sources
- Dark Green Leafy Vegetables
- Synthesized by Intestinal Flora
- Mechanism
- Activated by Epoxide Reductase
- Gamma Carboxylation of Glutamate
- Activation of Clotting Factors II, VII, IX, X, Protein C and S
- Considerations
- Deficiency with Broad Spectrum Antibiotics
- Neonatal Hemorrhage with Increased PT and aPTT
- Warfarin is a Vitamin K Antagonist
4 mins
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
- Pathophysiology
- Bleeding State
- Activation of Clotting Factors
- Deficiency of Clotting Factors
- Causes
- Sepsis
- Trauma
- Obstetric Complications
- Acute Pancreatitis
- Malignancy
- Nephrotic Syndrome
- Transfusion
2 mins
Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)
- Pathophysiology
- 5-10 Days After Heparin Exposure
- Heparin-Platelet Factor 4 Complex
- Autoantibodies Form Against Complex
- Heparin-Platelet Factor 4-Antibody Complex Binds Platelets
- Platelet Aggregation
- Procoagulant Release
- Symptoms
- Thrombocytopenia
- Diagnosis
- Serotonin Release Assay (SRA)
- Treatment
- Stop Heparin, Start Direct Thrombin Inhibitor
2 mins
Warfarin
- Mechanism of Action
- Interferes with Vitamin K-dependent Clotting Factors
- Extrinsic Pathway
- Bridge with Heparin
- Indications
- Chronic Anticoagulation
- Side Effects
- Bleeding
- Necrosis
- Cytochrome P450
- Contraindications
- Pregnancy
- Antidote
- FFP + Vitamin K
2 mins
Heparin (Unfractionated)
- Mechanism of Action
- Suppresses Coagulation
- Indications
- Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
- Pulmonary Embolism
- Side Effects
- Hemorrhage
- Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)
- Considerations
- Monitor aPTT
- Preferred (Safe) During Pregnancy
- Antidote
- Protamine Sulfate
2 mins
Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
- Mechanism of Action
- Inhibits Clotting Factors
- Factor Xa
- Indications
- Clot Formation Prevention
- Side Effects
- Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)
- Bleeding
- Considerations
- Medication Education
- Subcutaneous Injection
- 2 Inches from Umbilicus or Incisions
- Antidote
- Protamine Sulfate
2 mins
Heparin Indications
- Indications
- Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
- Prophylaxis
- Pulmonary Embolism
- Atrial Fibrillation
- Used during Pregnancy
1 min
Heparin Mechanisms
- Mechanism of Action
- Short Half-life
- Antithrombin Activation Cofactor
- Decrease Thrombin, Factor Xa
- Side Effects
- Bleeding
- Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)
- Antidote
- Protamine Sulfate
2 mins
Aspirin
- Indications
- Fever
- Pain and Headache
- Cardiovascular Disease (CAD)
- Mechanism of Action
- Irreversible inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2
- Suppress Thromboxanes and Prostaglandins
- NSAID
- Side Effects
- Reye's Syndrome
- Tinnitus
- Peptic Ulceration
- Mixed Acidosis/Alkalosis
- Nephropathy
2 mins
Clopidogrel (Plavix)
- Mechanism
- ADP Receptor Antagonist
- Prevent Platelet Aggregation
- Indications
- Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
- Prevention of Thrombotic Events
- Side Effects
- Bleeding
- Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)
- Pancytopenia
- Abdominal Pain
- Considerations
- Withhold Before Surgery
2 mins
Ticlopidine (Ticlid)
- Mechanism
- ADP Receptor Antagonist
- Irreversibly Inhibits Platelet Aggregation
- Indications
- Thrombotic Event Prevention
- Side Effects
- Neutropenia
- Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)
- GI Distress
- Rash
- Considerations
- Withhold Before Surgery
- Monitor Blood Count
2 mins
Alteplase
- Mechanism
- Tissue Plasminogen Activator
- Indications
- Thrombosis
- Side Effects
- Bleeding
- Contraindications
- Intracranial Hemorrhage
- Internal Hemorrhaging
- Considerations
- Minimize Bleeding
- Monitor for Shock
- Antidote
- Aminocaproic Acid
2 mins
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
- Ages < 15
- May Present with Bone Marrow Involvement in Children
- Mediastinal Mass in Adolescents
- TdT Positive
- CALLA Positive
- t(12;21) Better Prognosis
- Spread to CNS and Testes
- Most Responsive to Chemotherapy
2 mins
