Alyssa Shared "Patho - Exam 1" - 26 Picmonics
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Patho - Exam 1
Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
- Mechanism
- Alpha and Beta Agonist
- Indications
- Anaphylaxis
- Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG)
- Bleeding
- Cardiac Arrest
- Side Effects
- Tachycardia
- Hypertension
- Tremors
- Insomnia
- Considerations
- Multiple Strengths
2 mins
Fever
- Flushed skin, warm to touch
- Chills
- Sweating
- Change in LOC
- Provide adequate fluids
- Monitor Electrolytes and Fluid
- Monitor vital signs, esp temperature
- Remove excess clothing and blankets
- Sponge bath with tepid water
2 mins
Inflammatory Response
- Pathogens Infect Tissue
- Mast Cells Release Histamine
- Histamine Dilates and Increases Capillary Permeability
- Macrophages Engulf Pathogens
- Macrophage Signals Cells With Cytokines
- Responding Neutrophils Cross Capillary Wall
- B And T Lymphocytes Arrive At Injury Site
2 mins
Acetaminophen
- Indications
- Fever
- Pain
- Mechanism of Action
- Reversibly Inhibits COX
- Acts Primarily in CNS
- Side Effect
- Hepatic Necrosis
- N-acetylcysteine Antidote
51 secs
Meningitis Assessment
- Assessment
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Fever
- Nuchal Rigidity
- Severe Headache
- Purpura
- Seizures
- Photophobia
- Infants and Young Children
- Opisthotonus Position
- High-Pitched Cry
- Bulging Fontanel
2 mins
Prednisone (Glucocorticoids)
- Mechanism
- Glucocorticoid
- Indications
- Inflammatory Conditions
- Organ Transplant Rejection
- Side Effects
- Cataracts and Glaucoma
- Cushing's Syndrome
- Osteoporosis
- Immunosuppression
- Hyperglycemia
- Ulcers
- Considerations
- Adrenal Insufficiency
- Taper Gradually
2 mins
Clotting Overview
- Characteristics
- Endothelial Cells are Damaged
- Platelets Respond to Exposed Collagen and Stick
- Platelets Release Recruiting Factors
- More Platelets are Attracted
- Soluble Fibrinogen Turns to Insoluble Fibrin
- Fibrin Seals the Clot
- Clot Dissolves
- Liver Produces Clotting Factors
2 mins
Types of Blood Products
- Types
- Whole Blood
- Packed Red Blood Cells
- Fresh Frozen Plasma
- Immunoglobulins
- Clotting Factors
- Albumin
- Platelets
- Considerations
- Use within 24 Hours
- Washing Removes Antibodies
- Irradiation Destroys WBCs
2 mins
Cisplatin (Platinol)
- Mechanism
- Alkylating Agent
- Cross-Links DNA
- Indications
- Testicular Cancer
- Ovarian Cancer
- Side Effects
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Myelosuppression
- Nephrotoxicity
- Ototoxicity
- Peripheral Neuropathy
- Considerations
- Antiemetics Before Administration
- Aggressive Hydration
3 mins
Lung Cancer Assessment
- 2nd Most Common Cancer
- Assessment
- Chronic Cough
- Hoarseness
- Abnormal Breath Sounds
- Hemoptysis
- Chest Pain
- Anorexia or Weight Loss
- Considerations
- Symptoms Appear Late in Disease
2 mins
Prostate Cancer Assessment
- Most Common Cancer in Men
- Assessment
- Mimics BPH
- Metastasis to Back
- Low Back Pain
- Fatigue
- Considerations
- Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
- Digital Rectal Examination (DRE)
- Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS)
- Biopsy
2 mins
Cervical Cancer Assessment
- Cause/Mechanism
- Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
- Assessment
- Metrorrhagia
- Leukorrhea
- Pain
- Abnormal Pap Test
- May Be Asymptomatic
- Considerations
- HPV Vaccine
2 mins
Cervical Cancer Screening
- Women Aged 21-65 Years
- Pap Smear Every 3 Years
- Women Aged 30-65 Years
- Can Opt for Co-testing (Pap Smear + HPV Testing) Every 5 Years
- Identify Lesions
- High grade lesions
- Cryotherapy
- Loop Excision
- Cold Knife Conization
2 mins
Leukemia Assessment
- Cause
- Immature WBCs
- Assessment
- Recurrent Infections
- Easy Bruising
- Bleeding
- Anemia
- Fatigue
- Weight Loss
- Bone Pain
- Considerations
- May Have Normal or High WBC Count
2 mins
Tamoxifen
- Mechanism of Action
- Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM)
- Antagonist on Breast Tissue
- Indications
- ER-positive Breast Cancer
- Side Effects
- Decreased Risk of Osteoporosis
- Increased Risk of Endometrial Cancer
- Increased Risk of Venous Thromboembolism (VTE)
1 min
Types of Wound Healing
- Types of Wounds
- Acute
- Chronic
- Healing Process
- Primary Intention
- Approximated Edges
- Secondary Intention
- Edges Not Approximated
- Tertiary Intention
- Delayed Closure due to Infection and Necrosis
2 mins
Whole Blood Composition
- Characteristics
- Plasma
- Electrolytes And Other Solutes
- Proteins
- Albumin
- Fibrinogen
- Globulins
- Water
- Formed Elements
- Buffy Coat
- White Blood Cells (WBC)
- Platelets
- Red Blood Cells (RBC)
2 mins
Coagulation Cascade
- Secondary Hemostasis
- Intrinsic Pathway
- Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)
- Heparin
- Extrinsic Pathway
- Prothrombin Time (PT)
- Warfarin
- Common Pathway
- Thrombin
- Convert Fibrinogen to Fibrin
- Stabilizes the Platelet Plug
2 mins
Cell-mediated Adaptive Immune Response
- Characteristics
- Macrophages and Dendritic Cells Present Antigens
- T Cell Develops Antigen Specificity
- Regulatory T Cells Suppress Response
- Memory T Cells Cause Faster Secondary Response
- Cytotoxic T Cells Lyse Infected Cells
- Infected Cells Present Antigen On Surface
2 mins
Innate Immunity Cellular Response
- Characteristics
- Natural Killer Lymphocytes Attack Abnormal Cells
- Neutrophils in Blood
- Infected Cells Release Interferon
- Complement Proteins Lyse Pathogens/Infected Cells
- Dendritic Cells in Tissue
- Macrophages in Tissue
2 mins
