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EXAM 5
Intussusception
Pathophysiology
Telescoping of Bowel Segments
Lead Point
Assessment
Episodic Abdominal Pain
Diarrhea
Sausage-Shaped Mass
Red Currant Jelly Stools
Diagnosis
Ultrasound/CT
Target Sign
Considerations
More Common in Children
Rotavirus Vaccine Contraindicated
Management
Air or Hydrostatic Enema
Surgical Reduction
3 mins
Tracheoesophageal Fistula (TEF)
Cause
Esophageal Atresia
Ends in Blind Pouch
Assessment
Coughing
Choking
Cyanosis
Drooling
Considerations
NPO
Surgical Emergency
Aspiration Pneumonia
2 mins
Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis (HPS) Assessment
Mechanism
Hypertrophied Pylorus
Risk Factor
Macrolide Use
Assessment
3-6 Weeks of Age
Projectile Vomiting After Feeding
No Pain or Discomfort
Weight Loss
Dehydration
Hungry Baby
Olive Mass
2 mins
Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis (HPS) Interventions
Treatment
Pyloromyotomy
Preoperative Care
Stabilize Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
Nasogastric Tube
Monitor Feeding
Postoperative Care
Start Formula or Breastfeeding Within 24 Hours
Feedings Every 4-6 hours
Full Feeding Within 2 days
2 mins
Cleft Lip or Palate Interventions
Considerations
Encourage Bonding
Prosthodontic Device
Modified Nipple
Burping
Surgical Repair
Normal Saline Rinse
Elbow Restraints
Avoid Rigid Eating Utensils
2 mins
Types of Hernias
Hiatal
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Inguinal
Men
Femoral
Women
Incisional
Umbilical
Consideration
Strangulation
1 min
Hernia Interventions
Reduce Intra Abdominal Pressure
Avoid Straining and Lifting
Open Mouth Sneezing
Excision
Herniorrhaphy
Hernioplasty
Consideration
Scrotal Support
1 min
Rotavirus
Characteristics
Reovirus
Non-enveloped
Double-Stranded
RNA Virus
Linear
11 Segments
Triple Icosahedral Capsid
Most Common Cause of Diarrhea Worldwide
Villous Atrophy
Winter Months
Day Care Centers
Treatment
Oral Rehydration
2 mins
Rubella
Characteristics
RNA Virus
Matonaviridae
Enveloped
Icosahedral
SS Positive Linear
Signs and Symptoms
German Measles or Three-Day Measles
Fever
Postauricular Tenderness
Lymphadenopathy
Truncal Rash
Arthritis
Congenital TORCH Infection
2 mins
Mumps (Parotitis)
Mechanism
Paramyxovirus
Signs and Symptoms
Fever
Headache
Earache
Orchitis
Pain and Swelling of Parotid Glands
Considerations
MMR Vaccination
1 min
Varicella (Chickenpox)
Mechanism
Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)
Signs and Symptoms
Red Maculopapular Rash
Vesicles Ooze and Crust
Pruritus
Centripetal
Considerations
Varicella Immunization
Skin Care to Minimize Itching
Isolate until Vesicles Crust
2 mins
Lyme Disease
Mechanism
Transmitted by Ticks (Vector-borne)
Signs and Symptoms
Flu-like Symptoms
Bulls Eye Rash (Erythema Migrans)
Joint Pain and Stiffness
Facial Paralysis
Considerations
Antibiotics
Prevention
2 mins
Celiac Disease
Cause
Intestinal Mucosa Damage
Ingestion Wheat, Barley, Rye
Assessment
GI Distress
Steatorrhea
Weight Loss
Dermatitis Herpetiformis
Interventions
Gluten-free Diet
Considerations
Screening
2 mins
Crohn's Disease Assessment
Diarrhea
5-6 per day
Cramping Abdominal Pain
Fever
Weight Loss
Malabsorption
Anemia
Complications
Obstruction
Fistulas
2 mins
Reye's Syndrome
Cause
Aspirin (Salicylates) to Treat Viral Illness (In Children)
Assessment
Cerebral Edema
Lethargy (Decreased LOC)
Vomiting
Liver Failure
Interventions
Monitor for Increased ICP
Mannitol (Osmitrol)
Considerations
No Aspirin for Children
2 mins
Rubeola (Measles)
Mechanism
Virus
Signs and Symptoms
Fever
Red Maculopapular Rash
3 C's
Photophobia
Koplik Spots
Considerations
MMR Vaccination
Antipyretics
Vitamin A Supplementation
2 mins
Rubella
Mechanism
Rubella Virus
Signs and Symptoms
Swollen Glands
Cold-like Symptoms
Pinkish-red Maculopapular Rash
Low Grade Fever
Considerations
Rubella Titer
Avoid Contact with Pregnant Women
MMR Vaccination
2 mins
Glomerulonephritis Assessment
Mechanism
Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcal Infection
Signs and Symptoms
Hypertension
Hematuria
Proteinuria
Oliguria
Generalized Edema
Increased BUN and CR
Flank Pain
2 mins
Chronic Glomerulonephritis Interventions
Corticosteroids
Antihypertensives
Erythropoietin
Cytotoxic Agents
Dialysis
Plasmapheresis
Transplant
2 mins
Acute Glomerulonephritis Interventions
Rest
Restrict Salt and Fluid Intake
Restrict Protein
Antihypertensives
Diuretics
Antibiotics
2 mins
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