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Musculoskeletal (Orthopedics) | Medicine (MD/DO) School Study Aid
Anterior Shoulder Dislocation
- Axillary Nerve Damage
- Axillary Artery
- Rotator Cuff Injury
- Supraspinatus Tendon
- Anterior Glenohumeral Ligament
- Anatomic Lesions
- Bankart's Lesion
- Hill-Sachs Lesion
1 min
Supracondylar Fracture Of Humerus
- Mechanism
- Fall On Outstretched Hand (FOOSH)
- More Common In Children
- Signs & Symptoms
- Elbow Pain & Swelling
- Diagnosis
- X-ray Shows Elbow Effusion
- Anterior Sail Sign
- Posterior Fat Pad Sign
- Treatment
- Non-displaced: Splint And Sling
- Displaced: Closed Reduction With Percutaneous Pin Placement
- Considerations
- Compartment Syndrome
- Volkmann Ischemic Contracture
- Brachial Artery Injury
- Median Nerve Palsy
- Cubitus Varus Deformity
3 mins
Nursemaid's Elbow (Radial Head Subluxation)
- Pathophysiology
- Radial Head Subluxation
- Inferiorly Under Annular Ligament
- Axial Traction on Forearm
- Pulled or Lifted by the Hand or Forearm
- Children Aged (1-4 Years Old)
- Signs & Symptoms
- Extended & Pronated Forearm
- Refusal to Bend Elbow
- Treatment
- Manual Reduction
- Hyperpronation of Forearm
- Gentle Supination of Elbow at 90 Degrees Flexion
- No Immobilization
3 mins
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
- Median Nerve Entrapment
- Compression at Carpal Tunnel
- Numbness, Tingling and Pain in Hand
- Diagnosis
- Phalen's Maneuver
- Tinel's Sign
- Treatment
- Splints
- Surgery
- Steroids
2 mins
Nerve Palsies - Klumpke's Palsy
- Nerve
- C8 to T1 Roots
- Lower Trunk
- Causes
- Upward Arm Force during Delivery
- Adult Trauma
- Grabbing Tree Branch to Break a Fall
- Muscle Affected
- Intrinsic Hand Muscles
- Presentation
- Claw Hand
1 min
Nerve Palsies - Winged Scapula
- Nerve
- Long Thoracic Nerve
- Causes
- Axillary Node Dissection in Mastectomy
- Stab Wound
- Muscle Affected
- Serratus Anterior
- Functional Deficit
- Scapula Cannot Anchor to Thorax
- Presentation
- Inability to Raise Arm Above Head
1 min
Nerve Palsies - Pope's Blessing
- Nerve
- Proximal Median Nerve
- Causes
- Supracondylar Fracture of Humerus
- Functional Deficit
- Loss of Flexion of Thumb, Pointer and Middle Finger
- Presentation
- Trouble Making a Fist
- Hand Resembles Popes Blessing on Flexion
- Complications
- Atrophy of Thenar Eminence
1 min
Nerve Palsies - Median Claw
- Nerve
- Distal Median Nerve
- Causes
- Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
- Deficit
- Unable to Extend Thumb, Pointer and Middle Finger
- Presentation
- Clawing of Digits 1-3
- Tinels Sign
- Phalens Sign
- Complication
- Atrophy of Thenar Eminence
2 mins
Nerve Palsies - OK Gesture
- Nerve
- Proximal Ulnar Nerve
- Causes
- Fracture Medial Epicondyle of Humerus (proximal injury)
- Deficit
- Unable to Flex 4th and 5th Digits
- Presentation
- Trouble Making a Fist
- Resembles OK gesture
- Complication
- Hypothenar Atrophy
2 mins
Nerve Palsies - Erb's Palsy (Waiter's tip)
- Nerves
- C5-C6 Roots
- Superior (Upper) Trunk
- Causes
- Lateral Traction on Neck during Delivery
- Trauma in Adults
- Functional Deficit
- Deltoid
- Infraspinatus
- Biceps Brachii
- Presentation
- Waiter's Tip Deformity
2 mins
Nerve Palsies - Ulnar Claw
- Nerve
- Distal Ulnar Nerve
- Causes
- Fracture Hook of Hamate (distal injury)
- Cyclists
- Compression Guyon's Canal
- Functional Deficit
- Unable to Extend 4th and 5th Digits
- Presentation
- Hand Resembles Ulnar Claw on Extension
- Complications
- Atrophy of Hypothenar Eminence
1 min
Nerve Palsies - Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
- Nerve
- Compression of Brachial Plexus
- Compression of Subclavian Vessels
- Causes
- Cervical Rib Abnormality
- Trauma
- Weight Lifters
- Pancoast Tumor
- Presentation
- Edema
- Claw Hand
- Pain
1 min
Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow)
- Characteristics
- Overuse Injury of Extensor Tendons
- Wrist Extension
- Forearm Supination
- Pain over Lateral Epicondyle
- Management
- Conservative Management
- Surgery
- Injections
1 min
Medial Epicondylitis (Golfer's Elbow)
- Characteristics
- Overuse Injury of Flexor Tendons
- Wrist Flexion
- Forearm Pronation
- Pain over Medial Epicondyle
- Management
- Conservative Management
- Injections
- Surgery
1 min
De Quervain Tenosynovitis
- Inflammation of the Sheath
- Extensor Pollicis Brevis
- Abductor Pollicis Longus
- Styloid Process of the Radius
- Progressive Stenosis
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- Radial Styloid Process Pain
- Movement and Object Grasping Increase Pain
- Risk Groups
- New Mothers
- Golfers and Tennis Players
- "Thumb" Texters
- DIAGNOSIS
- Finkelstein Maneuver
- TREATMENT
- Conservative
2 mins
Metacarpal Neck Fracture
- Characteristics
- Fifth Metacarpal Neck Fracture
- Boxer's Fracture
- Mechanism
- Direct Trauma to a Clenched Fist Against Hard Surface
- Signs and Symptoms
- Pain
- Swelling
- Diagnosis
- X-Ray
- Treatment
- Splints
- Surgery
2 mins
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