Master Wilms' Tumor Syndromes with Picmonic for Medicine

Intellectual disability in WAGR syndrome can be seen in the borderline-severe form.

Aniridia is a panocular disorder affecting the cornea, iris, intraocular pressure, lens, fovea, and optic nerve. Patients can present with nystagmus and visual acuity impairment. Milder findings of aniridia can manifest as subtle iris structure changes, no vision impairment, and normal foveal structure. Other symptoms are strabismus and occasionally microphthalmia.

Genitourinary malformations affect those of the male sex more than those of the female sex. These malformations present with undescended testes in those of the male sex and as undeveloped clumps of tissue called streak gonads, functional ovaries, and bicornate uterus in those of the female sex.

Denys-Drash Syndrome involves kidneys and genitalia. The kidney disorder can begin in the first few months of life. 90% of patients can develop Wilms tumor.

Glomerulopathy in Denys-Drash Syndrome can present with Diffuse Mesangial Sclerosis. This presentation will result in nephrotic syndrome within the first year of life.

Denys-Drash syndrome patients are commonly seen with 46XY and ambiguous or female external genitalia and streak (undeveloped) gonads or testes. Kidney disease developed at the age of 4.

Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome is a growth disorder that presents with organomegaly, macroglossia, omphalocele, and hemihyperplasia.

Organomegaly can be present with one or more enlargements of intra-abdominal organs, such as adrenal glands, kidneys, liver, spleen, and or pancreas.

Macroglossia is defined as an abnormal enlargement of the tongue. This condition is present with protruding enlarged tongue surpassing the alveolar ridge in a resting position. This enlargement can disturb the child patient's ability to speak, eat, or breathe.

The most common syndrome that is related to omphalocele is Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Omphalocele is characterized by a persistent herniation of abdominal organs via the umbilicus.

Hemihyperplasia is characterized by asymmetric overgrowth, which presents with all or part of one side of the body. Examples may include the involvement of a single limb, an entire half of the body, one side of the face, or combinations thereof.