Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)
- Myeloblasts Increase on Peripheral Smear
- Median Onset 60 Years
- T 15;17 M3 Subtype
- Auer Rods
- Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) is a Common Presentation
- M5 Gum Infiltration
- Responds to Vitamin A
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
- BCR-ABL
- 9;22 Translocation
- Philadelphia Chromosome
- Tyrosine Kinase
- Low Alkaline Phosphatase
- Splenomegaly
- Blast Crisis
- Age 30 to 90 Years
- Responds to Imatinib
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
- Ages < 15
- May Present with Bone Marrow Involvement in Children
- Mediastinal Mass in Adolescents
- TdT Positive
- CALLA Positive
- t(12;21) Better Prognosis
- Spread to CNS and Testes
- Most Responsive to Chemotherapy
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
- Age > 60 Years
- B Cell Neoplasm
- Smudge Cells
- Often Asymptomatic
- Cold IgM Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
- Warm IgG Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
- Richter's Transformation
Hairy Cell Leukemia
- Mature B Cell Tumor
- Splenomegaly
- Flow Cytometry
- Cells Have Filamentous Hair-Like Projections
- Stains TRAP Positive
- Dry Tap on Bone Marrow Aspiration
- Cladribine
- Pentostatin
Leukemia Assessment
- Immature WBCs
- Recurrent Infections
- Easy Bruising
- Bleeding
- Anemia
- Fatigue
- Weight Loss
- Bone Pain
- May Have Normal or High WBC Count
Leukemia Interventions
- Bone Marrow Aspiration
- X-Rays
- Chemotherapy
- Bleeding Precautions
- Neutropenic Precautions
- Strict Asepsis
- Bone Marrow Transplant
- Blood Transfusions
- Monitor Temperature Elevations
- Adequate Nutrition
- Imatinib (Gleevec) for Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
Auer Rods
- Azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts
- Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
- Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)
- All-trans Retinoic Acid (Vitamin A)