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Musculoskeletal (Orthopedics) | Medicine (MD/DO) School Study Aid
Osgood-Schlatter Disease (Tibial Tubercle Apophysitis)
- Pathophysiology
- Apophysitis of Tibial Tubercle
- Active, Young Boys
- Running and Jumping
- Overuse Injury
- Recent Growth Spurt
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnosis Made on History
- Anterior Knee Pain
- Enlarged Tibial Tubercle
- Edema
- Treatment
- Rest
- NSAIDs
- Activity Restriction
- Self-limiting
2 mins
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS)
- Pathophysiology
- Young Female Athletes
- Runners
- Overuse Injury
- Idiopathic Patellar & Retinacular Pain
- Signs & Symptoms
- Chronic Anterior Knee Pain
- Increased with Squatting or Running
- Increased with Prolonged Sitting or Climbing Stairs
- Diagnosis
- Patellofemoral Compression Test
- Apprehension Sign
- Treatment
- NSAIDs
- Conservative Therapy
- Bracing
3 mins
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE)
- Pathophysiology
- Separation of Femoral Epiphysis from Femoral Neck
- Through Growth Plate (Physeal Plate)
- Obesity
- Male Adolescents
- African American
- Growth and Sex Hormone Imbalances
- Signs & Symptoms
- Thigh or Knee Pain
- Inability to Bear Weight
- Decreased Internal Rotation of Hip
- Obligate External Rotation of Hip with Flexion
- Diagnosis
- Frog Leg Lateral X-ray
- Treatment
- Surgical Pinning
- Complications
- Avascular Necrosis of Femoral Head
3 mins
Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease
- Pathophysiology
- Idiopathic Avascular Necrosis of Femoral Head
- Boys 5-7 Years of Age
- Symptoms < 18 Months
- Signs & Symptoms
- Painless Limp
- Limited Range of Motion
- Intermittent Anterior Thigh Pain
- Insidious Pain in Knee
- Atrophy of Upper Thigh
- Diagnosis
- AP and Frog Leg Lateral X-ray
- Compression and Deformity of Femoral Head
- Treatment
- Bed Rest
- NSAIDs
- Containment with Brace or Cast
- Surgery
4 mins
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
- Cause
- Abnormal Femoral Head in Acetabulum
- Newborn Assessment
- Positive Barlow Sign
- Clicking with Adduction
- Positive Ortolani Sign
- Clicking with Abduction
- Asymmetrical Limb Lengths and Folds (Gluteal and Thigh)
- Older Child Assessment
- Trendelenburg Sign
- Interventions
- Abduction Device
- Pavlik Harness
- Closed Reduction
3 mins
Restless Legs Syndrome
- Pathophysiology
- Idiopathic
- Iron Deficiency
- Parkinson's Disease
- Signs and Symptoms
- Urge to Move the Legs
- Unpleasant Sensations in Legs
- Worsens with Inactivity
- Relieved by Movement
- Treatment
- Iron Supplementation
- Self-care
- Gabapentin
- Pramipexole
2 mins
MCL Tear
- Mechanism
- Medial Knee Injury
- Unhappy Triad
- Football
- Skiing
- Sign
- Valgus Stress Test
- Treatment
- Conservative Management
54 secs
ACL Tear
- Mechanism
- Non-contact
- Popping
- Sudden Stop
- Change in Direction
- Unhappy Triad
- Sign
- Lachman Test
- Treatment
- Reconstruction if Severe
1 min
Meniscus Tear
- Fibrocartilage Semicircular Band
- Traumatic
- Unhappy Triad
- Degenerative
- Symptoms
- Clicking and Locking
- McMurray Test
- Pain on External Rotation
- Treatment
- Conservative Management
- Surgery
1 min
Total Knee Replacement (TKR)
- Indications
- Joint Pain (Uncontrolled)
- Impaired Mobility
- Considerations
- Compression Dressing
- Frequent Neurovascular Assessments
- Continuous Passive Motion (CPM) Devices
- Early Ambulation
- Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) Prophylaxis
- Limit Flexion Positions
- Monitor for Infection
2 mins
Unhappy Triad
- Lateral Force on Knee with Planted Foot
- Anterior Cruciate Ligament
- Medial Collateral Ligament
- Medial Meniscus
- Diagnosis and Treatment
- Pain and Swelling of Knee
- Knee Instability
- MRI
- Surgery
4 mins
Baker's Cyst
- Pathophysiology
- Due To Enlargement of Bursa Between Gastrocnemius and Semimembranosus Muscles
- Often Related to Rheumatoid Arthritis or Osteoarthritis
- Clinical Manifestations
- Often Asymptomatic
- Mass or Swelling Behind Knee
- Acute Pain If Rupture
- Crescent Sign
- Diagnosis
- Ultrasound
- Management
- Treat Underlying Condition
- Arthrocentesis
- Glucocorticoid Injection
4 mins
Prepatellar Bursitis
- Etiologies
- Repetitive Trauma on Flexed Knee
- "Housemaid's Knee"
- Symptoms
- Pain
- Erythema
- Complications
- Septic Bursitis
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Diagnosis
- Aspiration
- Management
- NSAIDs
- Antibiotics
2 mins
Plantar Fasciitis
- Characteristics
- Inflammation of Plantar Fascia
- Symptoms
- Heel Pain
- Worse in Morning and with Dorsiflexion
- Treatment
- Lifestyle Changes
- NSAIDs
- Glucocorticoids
- Surgery as Last Resort
2 mins
Sciatica
- Cause
- Compression or Damage to Sciatic Nerve
- Herniated Disc
- Assessment
- Shooting Pain
- Lower Back Down to Thigh
- Interventions
- Anti-Inflammatories
- Steroid Injections
- IDET (Intradiscal Electrothermoplasty)
- Considerations
- Straight-leg Raising Test
2 mins
Clubfoot
- Cause/Mechanism
- Multifactorial Congenital Anomalies
- Fetal Position
- Assessment
- Deformed Foot and Ankle Position
- Talipes Equinovarus
- Interventions
- Serial Casting
- Ponseti Method
- Early Surgery
2 mins
Hip Fracture
- Assessment
- External Rotation
- Muscle Spasms
- Shortened Leg
- Pain
- Interventions
- Buck's Traction
- Analgesics
- Surgery
- Considerations
- Avascular Necrosis
1 min
Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome
- Pathophysiology
- Overuse Injury
- Periosteal Inflammation
- Clinical Findings
- Diffuse Tibial Pain
- Diagnosis
- Diagnosis by Clinical Impression
- Treatment
- Conservative Therapy
1 min
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