Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
- Dry (nonexudative)
- Wet (exudative)
- Scotomas
- Blurred, Darkened Vision
- Loss of Central Vision
- Distortion of Vision
- Drug Therapy
- Surgery
- Low-vision Assistive Devices
Detached Retina
- Flashes of Light
- Floaters
- Curtain Like Shadow
- Eye Patch
- Bed Rest
- Surgical Emergency
- No Vigorous Activity
Cataract
- Age-related
- No Pain
- Cloudy Opaque Lens
- Decreased Visual Acuity
- Occurs Gradually
- Surgery
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
- Hypercoagulability
- Hypertension
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Non-Ischemic
- Mild to Moderate Vision Loss
- Sparse Dot-blot and Flame Hemorrhages
- Ischemic
- Sudden, Painless Vision Loss
- "Blood and Thunder" Appearance
- Cotton Wool Spots
- Papilledema
- Observation if Non-Ischemic
- Laser Photocoagulation
- VEGF Inhibitors
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion
- Atherosclerosis
- Atrial Fibrillation
- Giant Cell (Temporal) Arteritis
- Sudden Painless Monocular Vision Loss
- Descending Curtain
- Retinal Plaques
- Grayish Retinal Discoloration
- Cherry Red Spot on Macula
- Ultrasound
- Ocular Massage
- Reduce Intraocular Pressure
Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia
- Multiple Sclerosis
- Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus
- CN VI Nucleus
- CN III Nucleus
Horner Syndrome
- Sympathetic Disruption
- Hypothalamus
- Ciliospinal Center
- Superior Cervical Ganglion
- Ocular Muscles
- Ptosis
- Anhidrosis
- Miosis
- Diagnosis by Clinical Impression
- MRI
- Treat Underlying Disorders
Hypertensive Retinopathy
- Chronic Hypertension
- Flame Hemorrhages
- Arteriovenous Nicking
- Retinal Microaneurysms
- Cotton Wool Spots
- Macular Star
- Papilledema
- Lower Blood Pressure
Retinitis Pigmentosa
- Hereditary Retinal Degeneration
- Night Blindness
- Contrast and Color Defects
- Tunnel Vision
- Abetalipoproteinemia
- Kearns-Sayre Syndrome
- Refsum Disease
- Bone Spicule-shaped Retinal Deposits
- Permanent Blindness
Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy
- Mitochondrial Disease
- Optic Atrophy
- Adolescent Males
- Painless Vision Loss
Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
- Increased Capillary Permeability and Leakage
- Often Asymptomatic
- Retinal Microaneurysms
- Flame-shaped Hemorrhages
- Cotton Wool Spots
- Hard Exudates
- Macular Edema
- Treat Diabetes
- Laser Photocoagulation
- Bevacizumab
Abusive Head Trauma (Shaken Baby Syndrome)
- Subdural Hemorrhage
- Retinal Hemorrhages
- Bruising and Fractures
- CT of Head
- Skeletal Survey
- Document Injuries
- Notify Child Protective Services
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
- Angiogenesis
- Increased VEGF
- Asymptomatic Until Late-stage
- Vitreous Hemorrhage
- Retinal Detachment
- Glaucoma
- Findings of Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
- Laser Photocoagulation
- Surgery
- Bevacizumab
Uveitis Overview
- Uvea
- Middle Layer of Eye
- Iris
- Ciliary Body
- Choroid
- Anterior Uveitis
- Inflammation of Iris or Ciliary Body
- Posterior Uveitis
- Inflammation of Vitreous, Choroid, or Retina
Retinoblastoma
- Loss of Heterozygosity
- Chromosome 13
- Children
- Leukocoria
- Strabismus
- Vision Loss
- Osteosarcoma
- Genetic Testing
- Cryotherapy
- Photocoagulation
- Chemotherapy or Radiation
- Surgery
Nystagmus
- Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex (VOR) Dysfunction
- Vestibular Injury
- Concussion
- Upbeating or Horizontal Beating Eyes
- Oscillopsia
- HINTS (Head Impulse-Nystagmus-Test of Skew)
- History Examination
- INFARCT (Impulse Normal Fast-phase Alternating Refixation on Cover Test)
- Visual Acuity Test
- Brandt-Daroff Maneuver
- Epley Maneuver
- Baclofen
- Congenital vs Acquired
Common Eye Disorders
- Conjunctivitis
- Refractive Errors
- Presbyopia
- Cataract
- Glaucoma
- Uveitis
- Age-Related Macular Degeneration
- Diabetic Retinopathy
- Retinal Detachment
- Leukocoria
- Cranial Nerve Palsies