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Pharmacology | Medicine (MD/DO) School Study Aid
Hypertension Intervention
- Lifestyle Modifications
- Weight Reduction and Exercise
- Diet Changes
- Relaxation Techniques
- Smoking Cessation
- Medications
- Encourage Self Monitoring
1 min
Hypertension Medications
- Diuretics
- ACE Inhibitors
- Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
- Beta Blockers
- Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blockers
2 mins
ACE Inhibitors
- -Pril Suffix
- Indications
- Hypertension
- CHF
- Diabetic Nephropathy
- Mechanism of Action
- Inhibits ACE
- Decreases GFR
- Inhibits Constriction of Efferent Arteriole
- Side Effect
- Increased Bradykinin
- Cough
1 min
ACE Inhibitor Toxicity
- CAPTOPRIL Mnemonic
- Cough
- Angioedema
- Potassium Changes (Hyperkalemia)
- Taste Change
- Hypotension
- Pregnancy Changes
- Rash
- Increased Renin
- Lower Angiotensin II
2 mins
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
- -sartan suffix
- Indications
- Hypertension
- CHF
- Diabetic Nephropathy
- Mechanism of Action
- Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
- Side Effect
- Hyperkalemia
- Contraindication
- Pregnancy
1 min
Calcium Channel Blockers (Verapamil and Diltiazem)
- Mechanism of Action
- Slows AV Conduction
- Indications
- Angina Pectoris
- Arrhythmias
- Essential Hypertension
- Side Effects
- Bradycardia
- Hypotension
- Constipation
- Peripheral Edema
- Gingival Hyperplasia
- Nursing Consideration
- Medication Education
2 mins
Loop Diuretics
- Mechanism of Action
- Thick Ascending Limb of Loop of Henle
- Inhibits Na+-K+-2Cl- Symporter
- Sulfa Drug
- Drug Names
- Furosemide
- Lasix
- Side Effects
- Gout
- Ototoxicity
- Hypocalcemia
- Hypokalemia
4 mins
Ethacrynic Acid
- Mechanism of Action
- Non-sulfa Drug
- Phenoxyacetic Acid Derivative
- Loop Diuretic
- Inhibits Na+-K+-2Cl- Cotransporter
- Thick Ascending Loop of Henle
- Clinical Use
- Diuresis
- Side Effects
- Hypokalemia
- Ototoxicity
- Gout
2 mins
Thiazide Diuretics
- Early Distal Tubule
- Inhibits Na/Cl Reabsorption
- Sulfa Drug
- Hyperglycemia
- Hyperlipidemia
- Hypercalcemia
- Hyperuricemia
- Hyponatremia
- Hypokalemic Metabolic Alkalosis
2 mins
K+ Sparing Diuretics
- Indications
- CHF and Hypertension
- Hypokalemia
- Hyperaldosteronism
- Mechanism of Action
- Collecting Tubule
- Spironolactone
- Competitive Aldosterone Receptor Antagonist
- Amiloride and Triamterene
- Block Na+ Channels
- Side Effects
- Hyperkalemia
- Gynecomastia
2 mins
Spironolactone (Aldactone)
- Mechanisms
- Inhibition of Aldosterone
- Potassium Retention
- Indications
- Hypertension
- Edema
- Heart Failure
- Side Effects
- Hyperkalemia
- Endocrine Effects
- Consideration
- Avoid Potassium Supplements
2 mins
Selective Beta-1 Blockers
- Characteristics
- "-olol" Suffix
- Drug Names
- Beta-1 Selective
- Atenolol
- Esmolol
- Metoprolol
- Partial Beta agonists
- Acebutolol
1 min
Nonselective Beta-Blockers
- "-olol" Suffix
- Nonselective
- Propranolol
- Timolol
- Nadolol
- Partial β Agonist
- Pindolol
- Nonselective β with α Blocking
- Carvedilol
- Labetalol
2 mins
Systemic Effects of Beta-Blockers
- Respiratory
- Bronchoconstriction
- Metabolic
- Decreased Insulin
- Decreased Glycolysis and Lipolysis
- Eye
- Reduces Intraocular Pressure
1 min
Cardiovascular Effects of Beta-Blockers
- Cardiac Myocytes and Vasculature
- Decrease cAMP
- Decreases SA and AV Node Conduction Velocity
- Lower Blood Pressure
- Decrease O2 Consumption
- Decreases Mortality Post-MI
2 mins
Beta Blocker Antidote
- Antidote
- Glucagon
29 secs
Selective Alpha-1 Blockers
- "-osin" suffix
- Mechanism of Action
- Blocks Alpha1 Receptors
- Indications
- Hypertension
- Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
- Side Effects
- Syncope
- Orthostatic Hypotension
1 min
Nonselective Alpha-Blockers
- Indications
- Phentolamine
- Reversible
- Pheochromocytoma (Diagnosis)
- Hypertensive Crisis
- Phenoxybenzamine
- Pheochromocytoma (Treatment)
- Side Effects
- Orthostatic Hypotension
- Reflex Tachycardia
2 mins
Prazosin (Minipress)
- -osin suffix
- Mechanisms
- Selective Alpha-1 Receptor Blocker
- Indications
- Hypertension
- Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
- Nightmares
- Side Effects
- Orthostatic Hypotension
- Tachycardia
- Priapism / Inhibition of Ejaculation
- Nasal Congestion
- Considerations
- First Dose Effect
- Administer at Bedtime
2 mins
Minoxidil (Loniten, Rogaine)
- Mechanism
- Vasodilates Arterioles
- Indications
- Severe Hypertension
- Baldness
- Side Effects
- Reflex Tachycardia
- Blood Volume Expansion
- Hypertrichosis
- Pericardial Effusion
- Rash
- Considerations
- Give with Beta Blocker and Diuretic
2 mins
Nitroprusside
- Mechanism of Action
- Direct Release of NO
- Increase cGMP
- Short Half-Life
- Indications
- Malignant Hypertension
- Side Effect
- Cyanide Toxicity
1 min
Hydralazine
- Indications
- Reduce Afterload
- Severe Hypertension
- Safe during Pregnancy
- CHF
- Mechanism of Action
- Increases cGMP
- Vasodilates Arterioles
- Side Effects
- Drug-induced Lupus
- Reflex Tachycardia
1 min
Clonidine
- Mechanism of Action
- Alpha-2 Agonist
- Indication
- Hypertensive Urgency
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
- Tourette Syndrome
- Opioid Withdrawal
- Side Effects
- CNS Depression
- Respiratory Depression
- Hypotension
- Considerations
- Rebound Hypertension if Abrupt Cessation
2 mins
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